학술논문

Precision measurement of the mass difference between light nuclei and anti-nuclei
Document Type
Author
Adam, J.Adamova, D.Aggarwal, M. M.Rinella, G. AglieriAgnello, M.Agrawal, N.Ahammed, Z.Ahmed, I.Ahn, S. U.Aimo, I.Aiola, S.Ajaz, M.Akindinov, A.Alam, S. N.Aleksandrov, D.Alessandro, B.Alexandre, D.Alfaro Molina, R.Alici, A.Alkin, A.Alme, J.Alt, T.Altinpinar, S.Altsybeev, I.Alves Garcia Prado, C.Andrei, C.Andronic, A.Anguelov, V.Anielski, J.Anticic, T.Antinori, F.Antonioli, P.Aphecetche, L.Appelshaeuser, H.Arcelli, S.Armesto, N.Arnaldi, R.Aronsson, T.Arsene, I. C.Arslandok, M.Augustinus, A.Averbeck, R.Azmi, M. D.Bach, M.Badala, A.Baek, Y. W.Bagnasco, S.Bailhache, R.Bala, R.Baldisseri, A.Ball, M.Pedrosa, F. Baltasar Dos SantosBaral, R. C.Barbano, A. M.Barbera, R.Barile, F.Barnafoeldi, G. G.Barnby, L. S.Barret, V.Bartalini, P.Bartke, J.Bartsch, E.Basile, M.Bastid, N.Basu, S.Bathen, B.Batigne, G.Camejo, A. BatistaBatyunya, B.Batzing, P. C.Bearden, I. G.Beck, H.Bedda, C.Behera, N. K.Belikov, I.Bellini, F.Bello Martinez, H.Bellwied, R.Belmont, R.Belmont-Moreno, E.Belyaev, V.Bencedi, G.Beole, S.Berceanu, I.Bercuci, A.Berdnikov, Y.Berenyi, D.Bertens, R. A.Berzano, D.Betev, L.Bhasin, A.Bhat, I. R.Bhati, A. K.Bhattacharjee, B.Bhom, J.Bianchi, L.Bianchi, N.Bianchin, C.Bielcik, J.Bielcikova, J.Bilandzic, A.Biswas, S.Bjelogrlic, S.Blanco, F.Blau, D.Blume, C.Bock, F.Bogdanov, A.Boggild, H.Boldizsar, L.Bombara, M.Book, J.Borel, H.Borissov, A.Borri, M.Bossu, F.Botje, M.Botta, E.Boettger, S.Braun-Munzinger, P.Bregant, M.Breitner, T.Broker, T. A.Browning, T. A.Broz, M.Brucken, E. J.Bruna, E.Bruno, G. E.Budnikov, D.Buesching, H.Bufalino, S.Buncic, P.Busch, O.Buthelezi, Z.Buxton, J. T.Caffarri, D.Cai, X.Caines, H.Diaz, L. CaleroCaliva, A.Villar, E. CalvoCamerini, P.Carena, F.Carena, W.Castellanos, J. CastilloCastro, A. J.Casula, E. A. R.Cavicchioli, C.Ceballos Sanchez, C.Cepila, J.Cerello, P.Chang, B.Chapeland, S.Chartier, M.Charvet, J. L.Chattopadhyay, SubhasisChattopadhyay, SukalyanChelnokov, V.Cherney, M.Cheshkov, C.Cheynis, B.Barroso, V. ChibanteChinellato, D. D.Chochula, P.Choi, K.Chojnacki, M.Choudhury, S.Christakoglou, P.Christensen, C. H.Christiansen, PeterChujo, T.Chung, S. U.Cicalo, C.Cifarelli, L.Cindolo, F.Cleymans, J.Colamaria, F.Colella, D.Collu, A.Colocci, M.Balbastre, G. Conesadel Valle, Z. ConesaConnors, M. E.Contreras, J. G.Cormier, T. M.Morales, Y. CorralesCortes Maldonado, I.Cortese, P.Cosentino, M. R.Costa, F.Crochet, P.Cruz Albino, R.Cuautle, E.Cunqueiro, L.Dahms, T.Dainese, A.Danu, A.Das, D.Das, I.Das, S.Dash, A.Dash, S.De, S.De Caro, A.de Cataldo, G.de Cuveland, J.De Falco, A.De Gruttola, D.De Marco, N.De Pasquale, S.Deisting, A.Deloff, A.Denes, E.D'Erasmo, G.Di Bari, D.Di Mauro, A.Di Nezza, P.Corchero, M. A. DiazDietel, T.Dillenseger, P.Divia, R.Djuvsland, O.Dobrin, A.Dobrowolski, T.Domenicis Gimenez, D.Doenigus, B.Dordic, O.Dubey, A. K.Dubla, A.Ducroux, L.Dupieux, P.Ehlers, R. J.Elia, D.Engel, H.Erazmus, B.Erhardt, F.Eschweiler, D.Espagnon, B.Estienne, M.Esumi, S.Evans, D.Evdokimov, S.Eyyubova, G.Fabbietti, L.Fabris, D.Faivre, J.Fantoni, A.Fasel, M.Feldkamp, L.Felea, D.Feliciello, A.Feofilov, G.Ferencei, J.Fernandez Tellez, A.Ferreiro, E. G.Ferretti, A.Festanti, A.Figiel, J.Figueredo, M. A. S.Filchagin, S.Finogeev, D.Fionda, F. M.Fiore, E. M.Fleck, M. G.Floris, M.Foertsch, S.Foka, P.Fokin, S.Fragiacomo, E.Francescon, A.Frankenfeld, U.Fuchs, U.Furget, C.Furs, A.Girard, M. FuscoGaardhoje, J. J.Gagliardi, M.Gago, A. M.Gallio, M.Gangadharan, D. R.Ganoti, P.Gao, C.Garabatos, C.Garcia-Solis, E.Gargiulo, C.Gasik, P.Germain, M.Gheata, A.Gheata, M.Ghosh, P.Ghosh, S. K.Gianotti, P.Giubellino, P.Giubilato, P.Gladysz-Dziadus, E.Glaessel, P.Gomez Coral, D. M.Ramirez, A. GomezGonzalez-Zamora, P.Gorbunov, S.Goerlich, L.Gotovac, S.Grabski, V.Graczykowski, L. K.Grelli, A.Grigoras, A.Grigoras, C.Grigoriev, V.Grigoryan, A.Grigoryan, S.Grinyov, B.Grion, N.Grosse-Oetringhaus, J. F.Grossiord, J. -Y.Grosso, R.Guber, F.Guernane, R.Guerzoni, B.Gulbrandsen, K.Gulkanyan, H.Gunji, T.Gupta, A.Gupta, R.Haake, R.Haaland, O.Hadjidakis, C.Haiduc, M.Hamagaki, H.Hamar, G.Hanratty, L. D.Hansen, A.Harris, J. W.Hartmann, H.Harton, A.Hatzifotiadou, D.Hayashi, S.Heckel, S. T.Heide, M.Helstrup, H.Herghelegiu, A.Herrera Corral, G.Hess, B. A.Hetland, K. F.Hilden, T. E.Hillemanns, H.Hippolyte, B.Hristov, P.Huang, M.Humanic, T. J.Hussain, N.Hussain, T.Hutter, D.Hwang, D. S.Ilkaev, R.Ilkiv, I.Inaba, M.Ionita, C.Ippolitov, M.Irfan, M.Ivanov, M.Ivanov, V.Izucheev, V.Jacobs, P. M.Jahnke, C.Jang, H. J.Janik, M. A.Jayarathna, P. H. S. Y.Jena, C.Jena, S.Jimenez Bustamante, R. T.Jones, P. G.Jung, H.Jusko, A.Kalinak, P.Kalweit, A.Kamin, J.Kang, J. H.Kaplin, V.Kar, S.Uysal, A. KarasuKaravichev, O.Karavicheva, T.Karpechev, E.Kebschull, U.Keidel, R.Keijdener, D. L. D.Keil, M.Khan, K. H.Khan, M. MohisinKhan, P.Khan, S. A.Khanzadeev, A.Kharlov, Y.Kileng, B.Kim, B.Kim, D. W.Kim, D. J.Kim, H.Kim, J. S.Kim, MimaeKim, MinwooKim, S.Kim, T.Kirsch, S.Kisel, I.Kiselev, S.Kisiel, A.Kiss, G.Klay, J. L.Klein, C.Klein, J.Klein-Boesing, C.Kluge, A.Knichel, M. L.Knospe, A. G.Kobayashi, T.Kobdaj, C.Kofarago, M.Koehler, M. K.Kollegger, T.Kolojvari, A.Kondratiev, V.Kondratyeva, N.Kondratyuk, E.Konevskikh, A.Kour, M.Kouzinopoulos, C.Kovalenko, V.Kowalski, M.Kox, S.Meethaleveedu, G. KoyithattaKral, J.Kralik, I.Kravcakova, A.Krelina, M.Kretz, M.Krivda, M.Krizek, F.Kryshen, E.Krzewicki, M.Kubera, A. M.Kucera, V.Kucheriaev, Y.Kugathasan, T.Kuhn, C.Kuijer, P. G.Kulakov, I.Kumar, A.Kumar, J.Kumar, L.Kurashvili, P.Kurepin, A.Kurepin, A. B.Kuryakin, A.Kushpil, S.Kweon, M. J.Kwon, Y.La Pointe, S. L.La Rocca, P.Lagana Fernandes, C.Lakomov, I.Langoy, R.Lara, C.Lardeux, A.Lattuca, A.Laudi, E.Lea, R.Leardini, L.Lee, G. R.Lee, S.Legrand, I.Lehnert, J.Lemmon, R. C.Lenti, V.Leogrande, E.Leon Monzon, I.Leoncino, M.Levai, P.Li, S.Li, X.Lien, J.Lietava, R.Lindal, S.Lindenstruth, V.Lippmann, C.Lisa, M. A.Ljunggren, MartinLodato, D. F.Loenne, P. I.Loggins, V. R.Loginov, V.Loizides, C.Lopez, X.Lopez Torres, E.Lowe, A.Lu, X. -G.Luettig, P.Lunardon, M.Luparello, G.Maevskaya, A.Mager, M.Mahajan, S.Mahmood, S. M.Maire, A.Majka, R. D.Malaev, M.Maldonado Cervantes, I.Malinina, L.Mal'Kevich, D.Malzacher, P.Mamonov, A.Manceau, L.Manko, V.Manso, F.Manzari, V.Marchisone, M.Mares, J.Margagliotti, G. V.Margotti, A.Margutti, J.Marin, A.Markert, C.Marquard, M.Martashvili, I.Martin, N. A.Blanco, J. MartinMartinengo, P.Martinez, M. I.Garcia, G. MartinezPedreira, M. MartinezMartynov, Y.Mas, A.Masciocchi, S.Masera, M.Masoni, A.Massacrier, L.Mastroserio, A.Matyja, A.Mayer, C.Mazer, J.Mazzoni, M. A.Mcdonald, D.Meddi, F.Menchaca-Rocha, A.Meninno, E.Perez, J. MercadoMeres, M.Miake, Y.Mieskolainen, M. M.Mikhaylov, K.Milano, L.Milosevic, J.Minervini, L. M.Mischke, A.Mishra, A. N.Miskowiec, D.Mitra, J.Mitu, C. M.Mohammadi, N.Mohanty, B.Molnar, L.Montano Zetina, L.Montes, E.Morando, M.De Godoy, D. A. MoreiraMoreno, L. A. P.Moretto, S.Morreale, A.Morsch, A.Muccifora, V.Mudnic, E.Muehlheim, D.Muhuri, S.Mukherjee, M.Mueller, H.Mulligan, J. D.Munhoz, M. G.Murray, S.Musa, L.Musinsky, J.Nandi, B. K.Nania, R.Nappi, E.Naru, M. U.Nattrass, C.Nayak, K.Nayak, T. K.Nazarenko, S.Nedosekin, A.Nellen, L.Ng, F.Nicassio, M.Niculescu, M.Niedziela, J.Nielsen, B. S.Nikolaev, S.Nikulin, S.Nikulin, V.Noferini, F.Nomokonov, P.Nooren, G.Norman, J.Nyanin, A.Nystrand, J.Oeschler, H.Oh, S.Oh, S. K.Ohlson, A.Okatan, A.Okubo, T.Olah, L.Oleniacz, J.Oliveira Da Silva, A. C.Oliver, M. H.Onderwaater, J.Oppedisano, C.Ortiz Velasquez, A.Oskarsson, AndersOtwinowski, J.Oyama, K.Ozdemir, M.Pachmayer, Y.Pagano, P.Paic, G.Pajares, C.Pal, S. K.Pan, J.Pandey, A. K.Pant, D.Papikyan, V.Pappalardo, G. S.Pareek, P.Park, W. J.Parmar, S.Passfeld, A.Paticchio, V.Paul, B.Pawlak, T.Peitzmann, T.Da Costa, H. PereiraPereira De Oliveira Filho, E.Peresunko, D.Lara, C. E. PerezPeskov, V.Pestov, Y.Petracek, V.Petrov, V.Petrovici, M.Petta, C.Piano, S.Pikna, M.Pillot, P.Pinazza, O.Pinsky, L.Piyarathna, D. B.Ploskon, M.Planinic, M.Pluta, J.Pochybova, S.Podesta-Lerma, P. L. M.Poghosyan, M. G.Polichtchouk, B.Poljak, N.Poonsawat, W.Pop, A.Porteboeuf-Houssais, S.Porter, J.Pospisil, J.Prasad, S. K.Preghenella, R.Prino, F.Pruneau, C. A.Pshenichnov, I.Puccio, M.Puddu, G.Pujahari, P.Punin, V.Putschke, J.Qvigstad, H.Rachevski, A.Raha, S.Rajput, S.Rak, J.Rakotozafindrabe, A.Ramello, L.Raniwala, R.Raniwala, S.Rasanen, S. S.Rascanu, B. T.Rathee, D.Razazi, V.Read, K. F.Real, J. S.Redlich, K.Reed, R. J.Rehman, A.Reichelt, P.Reicher, M.Reidt, F.Ren, X.Renfordt, R.Reolon, A. R.Reshetin, A.Rettig, F.Revol, J. -P.Reygers, K.Riabov, V.Ricci, R. A.Richert, TuvaRichter, M.Riedler, P.Riegler, W.Riggi, F.Ristea, C.Rivetti, A.Rocco, E.Rodriguez Cahuantzi, M.Manso, A. RodriguezRoed, K.Rogochaya, E.Rohr, D.Roehrich, D.Romita, R.Ronchetti, F.Ronflette, L.Rosnet, P.Rossi, A.Roukoutakis, F.Roy, A.Roy, C.Roy, P.Rubio Montero, A. J.Rui, R.Russo, R.Ryabinkin, E.Ryabov, Y.Rybicki, A.Sadovsky, S.Safarik, K.Sahlmuller, B.Sahoo, P.Sahoo, R.Sahoo, S.Sahu, P. K.Saini, J.Sakai, S.Saleh, M. A.Salgado, C. A.Salzwedel, J.Sambyal, S.Samsonov, V.Castro, X. SanchezSandor, L.Sandoval, A.Sano, M.Santagati, G.Sarkar, D.Scapparone, E.Scarlassara, F.Scharenberg, R. P.Schiaua, C.Schicker, R.Schmidt, C.Schmidt, H. R.Schuchmann, S.Schukraft, J.Schulc, M.Schuster, T.Schutz, Y.Schwarz, K.Schweda, K.Scioli, G.Scomparin, E.Scott, R.Seeder, K. S.Seger, J. 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G.Tauro, A.Tejeda Munoz, G.Telesca, A.Terasaki, K.Terrevoli, C.Teyssier, B.Thaeder, J.Thomas, D.Tieulent, R.Timmins, A. R.Toia, A.Trogolo, S.Trubnikov, V.Trzaska, W. H.Tsuji, T.Tumkin, A.Turrisi, R.Tveter, T. S.Ullaland, K.Uras, A.Usai, G. L.Utrobicic, A.Vajzer, M.Vala, M.Palomo, L. ValenciaVallero, S.Van der Maarel, J.Van Hoorne, J. W.van Leeuwen, M.Vanat, T.Vande Vyvre, P.Varga, D.Vargas, A.Vargyas, M.Varma, R.Vasileiou, M.Vasiliev, A.Vauthier, A.Vechernin, V.Veen, A. M.Veldhoen, M.Velure, A.Venaruzzo, M.Vercellin, E.Vergara Limon, S.Vernet, R.Verweij, M.Vickovic, L.Viesti, G.Viinikainen, J.Vilakazi, Z.Baillie, O. VillalobosVillatoro Tello, A.Vinogradov, A.Vinogradov, L.Vinogradov, Y.Virgili, T.Vislavicius, VytautasViyogi, Y. P.Vodopyanov, A.Voelkl, M. A.Voloshin, K.Voloshin, S. A.Volpe, G.von Haller, B.Vorobyev, I.Vranic, D.Vrlakova, J.Vulpescu, B.Vyushin, A.Wagner, B.Wagner, J.Wang, H.Wang, M.Wang, Y.Watanabe, D.Weber, M.Weber, S. G.Wessels, J. P.Westerhoff, U.Wiechula, J.Wikne, J.Wilde, M.Wilk, G.Wilkinson, J.Williams, M. C. S.Windelband, B.Winn, M.Yaldo, C. G.Yamaguchi, Y.Yang, H.Yang, P.Yano, S.Yasnopolskiy, S.Yin, Z.Yokoyama, H.Yoo, I. -K.Yurchenko, V.Yushmanov, I.Zaborowska, A.Zaccolo, V.Zaman, A.Zampolli, C.Zanoli, H. J. C.Zaporozhets, S.Zarochentsev, A.Zavada, P.Zaviyalov, N.Zbroszczyk, H.Zgura, I. S.Zhalov, M.Zhang, H.Zhang, X.Zhang, Y.Zhao, C.Zhigareva, N.Zhou, D.Zhou, Y.Zhou, Z.Zhu, H.Zhu, J.Zhu, X.Zichichi, A.Zimmermann, A.Zimmermann, M. B.Zinovjev, G.Zyzak, M.
Source
Nature Physics. 11(10):120-811
Subject
Naturvetenskap
Fysik
Subatomär fysik
Natural Sciences
Physical Sciences
Subatomic Physics
Language
English
ISSN
1745-2473
Abstract
The measurement of the mass differences for systems bound by the strong force has reached a very high precision with protons and anti-protons(1,2). The extension of such measurement from (anti-)baryons to (anti-) nuclei allows one to probe any difference in the interactions between nucleons and anti-nucleons encoded in the (anti-) nuclei masses. This force is a remnant of the underlying strong interaction among quarks and gluons and can be described by effective theories(3), but cannot yet be directly derived from quantum chromodynamics. Here we report a measurement of the difference between the ratios of the mass and charge of deuterons (d) and anti-deuterons ((d) over bar), and He-3 and (3)(He) over bar nuclei carried out with the ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment)(4) detector in Pb-Pb collisions at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of 2.76 TeV. Our direct measurement of the mass-over-charge differences confirms CPT invariance to an unprecedented precision in the sector of light nuclei(5,6). This fundamental symmetry of nature, which exchanges particles with anti-particles, implies that all physics laws are the same under the simultaneous reversal of charge(s) (charge conjugation C), reflection of spatial coordinates (parity transformation P) and time inversion (T).