학술논문
Numerical simulation of the formation and transport of sulfate in convective clouds
Document Type
Thesis/Dissertation
Author
Source
Other Information: Thesis (Ph. D.)
Subject
Language
English
Abstract
A two-dimensional time-dependent cloud model is used to study the formation and transport of sulfate in convective clouds. The cloud model is modified to include equations governing the aqueous phase oxidation of sulfur dioxide by oxidants such as ozone and hydrogen peroxide, and some aerosol processes. Presence of atmospheric carbon dioxide and ammonia is also taken into account. The aerosol processes simulated include gas-to-particle conversion, the dynamic capture of aerosol by hydrometeors, production of aerosol by the evaporation of hydrometeors, and nucleation scavenging by cloud droplets. Simulations of a cumulus cloud are used to study the effects of some microphysical processes on the acidity of the hydrometeors. Results show that nucleation scavenging and aerosol production by the evaporation of cloud droplets are the most dominant of the aerosol processes simulated. The simulated convective cloud transported considerable quantities of SO/sub 2/ up as high as 9 km. The sulfate conversion rate showed variations in time which followed the dynamic behavior of the cloud. Simulating a source of SO/sub 2/ equivalent to a large coal-fired power plant had a significant impact on the acid deposition from the simulated cloud.