학술논문
On-Sky Performance of the SPT-3G Frequency-Domain Multiplexed Readout
Document Type
Original Paper
Author
Bender, A. N.; Anderson, A. J.; Avva, J. S.; Ade, P. A. R.; Ahmed, Z.; Barry, P. S.; Basu Thakur, R.; Benson, B. A.; Bryant, L.; Byrum, K.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Carter, F. W.; Cecil, T. W.; Chang, C. L.; Cho, H.-M.; Cliche, J. F.; Cukierman, A.; de Haan, T.; Denison, E. V.; Ding, J.; Dobbs, M. A.; Dutcher, D.; Everett, W.; Ferguson, K. R.; Foster, A.; Fu, J.; Gallicchio, J.; Gambrel, A. E.; Gardner, R. W.; Gilbert, A.; Groh, J. C.; Guns, S.; Guyser, R.; Halverson, N. W.; Harke-Hosemann, A. H.; Harrington, N. L.; Henning, J. W.; Hilton, G. C.; Holzapfel, W. L.; Howe, D.; Huang, N.; Irwin, K. D.; Jeong, O. B.; Jonas, M.; Jones, A.; Khaire, T. S.; Kofman, A. M.; Korman, M.; Kubik, D. L.; Kuhlmann, S.; Kuo, C.-L.; Lee, A. T.; Leitch, E. M.; Lowitz, A. E.; Meyer, S. S.; Michalik, D.; Montgomery, J.; Nadolski, A.; Natoli, T.; Nguyen, H.; Noble, G. I.; Novosad, V.; Padin, S.; Pan, Z.; Paschos, P.; Pearson, J.; Posada, C. M.; Quan, W.; Rahlin, A.; Riebel, D.; Ruhl, J. E.; Sayre, J. T.; Shirokoff, E.; Smecher, G.; Sobrin, J. A.; Stark, A. A.; Stephen, J.; Story, K. T.; Suzuki, A.; Thompson, K. L.; Tucker, C.; Vale, L. R.; Vanderlinde, K.; Vieira, J. D.; Wang, G.; Whitehorn, N.; Yefremenko, V.; Yoon, K. W.; Young, M. R.
Source
Journal of Low Temperature Physics. 199(1-2):182-191
Subject
Language
English
ISSN
0022-2291
1573-7357
1573-7357
Abstract
Frequency-domain multiplexing (fMux) is an established technique for the readout of large arrays of transition-edge sensor (TES) bolometers. Each TES in a multiplexing module has a unique AC voltage bias that is selected by a resonant filter. This scheme enables the operation and readout of multiple bolometers on a single pair of wires, reducing thermal loading onto sub-Kelvin stages. The current receiver on the South Pole Telescope, SPT-3G, uses a 68x fMux system to operate its large-format camera of ∼16,000 TES bolometers. We present here the successful implementation and performance of the SPT-3G readout as measured on-sky. Characterization of the noise reveals a median pair-differenced 1/f knee frequency of 33 mHz, indicating that low-frequency noise in the readout will not limit SPT-3G’s measurements of sky power on large angular scales. Measurements also show that the median readout white noise level in each of the SPT-3G observing bands is below the expectation for photon noise, demonstrating that SPT-3G is operating in the photon-noise-dominated regime.