학술논문
Genome-wide methylation profiles in primary intracranial germ cell tumors indicate a primordial germ cell origin for germinomas
Document Type
Original Paper
Author
Fukushima, Shintaro; Yamashita, Satoshi; Kobayashi, Hisato; Takami, Hirokazu; Fukuoka, Kohei; Nakamura, Taishi; Yamasaki, Kai; Matsushita, Yuko; Nakamura, Hiromi; Totoki, Yasushi; Kato, Mamoru; Suzuki, Tomonari; Mishima, Kazuhiko; Yanagisawa, Takaaki; Mukasa, Akitake; Saito, Nobuhito; Kanamori, Masayuki; Kumabe, Toshihiro; Tominaga, Teiji; Nagane, Motoo; Iuchi, Toshihiko; Yoshimoto, Koji; Mizoguchi, Masahiro; Tamura, Kaoru; Sakai, Keiichi; Sugiyama, Kazuhiko; Nakada, Mitsutoshi; Yokogami, Kiyotaka; Takeshima, Hideo; Kanemura, Yonehiro; Matsuda, Masahide; Matsumura, Akira; Kurozumi, Kazuhiko; Ueki, Keisuke; Nonaka, Masahiro; Asai, Akio; Kawahara, Nobutaka; Hirose, Yuichi; Takayama, Tatusya; Nakazato, Yoichi; Narita, Yoshitaka; Shibata, Tatsuhiro; Matsutani, Masao; Ushijima, Toshikazu; Nishikawa, Ryo; Ichimura, Koichi; On behalf of The Intracranial Germ Cell Tumor Genome Analysis Consortium (The iGCTConsortium)
Source
Acta Neuropathologica: Pathology and Mechanisms of Neurological Disease. March 2017 133(3):445-462
Subject
Language
English
ISSN
0001-6322
1432-0533
1432-0533
Abstract
Intracranial germ cell tumors (iGCTs) are the second most common brain tumors among children under 14 in Japan. The World Health Organization classification recognizes several subtypes of iGCTs, which are conventionally subclassified into pure germinoma or non-germinomatous GCTs. Recent exhaustive genomic studies showed that mutations of the genes involved in the MAPK and/or PI3K pathways are common in iGCTs; however, the mechanisms of how different subtypes develop, often as a mixed-GCT, are unknown. To elucidate the pathogenesis of iGCTs, we investigated 61 GCTs of various subtypes by genome-wide DNA methylation profiling. We showed that pure germinomas are characterized by global low DNA methylation, a unique epigenetic feature making them distinct from all other iGCTs subtypes. The patterns of methylation strongly resemble that of primordial germ cells (PGC) at the migration phase, possibly indicating the cell of origin for these tumors. Unlike PGC, however, hypomethylation extends to long interspersed nuclear element retrotransposons. Histologically and epigenetically distinct microdissected components of mixed-GCTs shared identical somatic mutations in the MAPK or PI3K pathways, indicating that they developed from a common ancestral cell.