학술논문
Exploratory study of ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation and age of onset of bipolar disorder
Document Type
Original Paper
Author
Bauer, Michael; Glenn, Tasha; Achtyes, Eric D.; Alda, Martin; Agaoglu, Esen; Altınbaş, Kürsat; Andreassen, Ole A.; Angelopoulos, Elias; Ardau, Raffaella; Aydin, Memduha; Ayhan, Yavuz; Baethge, Christopher; Bauer, Rita; Baune, Bernhard T.; Balaban, Ceylan; Becerra-Palars, Claudia; Behere, Aniruddh P.; Behere, Prakash B.; Belete, Habte; Belete, Tilahun; Belizario, Gabriel Okawa; Bellivier, Frank; Belmaker, Robert H.; Benedetti, Francesco; Berk, Michael; Bersudsky, Yuly; Bicakci, Şule; Birabwa-Oketcho, Harriet; Bjella, Thomas D.; Brady, Conan; Cabrera, Jorge; Cappucciati, Marco; Castro, Angela Marianne Paredes; Chen, Wei-Ling; Cheung, Eric Y. W.; Chiesa, Silvia; Crowe, Marie; Cuomo, Alessandro; Dallaspezia, Sara; Del Zompo, Maria; Desai, Pratikkumar; Dodd, Seetal; Etain, Bruno; Fagiolini, Andrea; Fellendorf, Frederike T.; Ferensztajn-Rochowiak, Ewa; Fiedorowicz, Jess G.; Fountoulakis, Kostas N.; Frye, Mark A.; Geoffroy, Pierre A.; Gitlin, Michael J.; Gonzalez-Pinto, Ana; Gottlieb, John F.; Grof, Paul; Haarman, Bartholomeus C. M.; Harima, Hirohiko; Hasse-Sousa, Mathias; Henry, Chantal; Hoffding, Lone; Houenou, Josselin; Imbesi, Massimiliano; Isometsä, Erkki T.; Ivkovic, Maja; Janno, Sven; Johnsen, Simon; Kapczinski, Flávio; Karakatsoulis, Gregory N.; Kardell, Mathias; Kessing, Lars Vedel; Kim, Seong Jae; König, Barbara; Kot, Timur L.; Koval, Michael; Kunz, Mauricio; Lafer, Beny; Landén, Mikael; Larsen, Erik R.; Lenger, Melanie; Licht, Rasmus W.; Lopez-Jaramillo, Carlos; MacKenzie, Alan; Madsen, Helle Østergaard; Madsen, Simone Alberte Kongstad A.; Mahadevan, Jayant; Mahardika, Agustine; Manchia, Mirko; Marsh, Wendy; Martinez-Cengotitabengoa, Monica; Martini, Julia; Martiny, Klaus; Mashima, Yuki; McLoughlin, Declan M.; Meesters, Ybe; Melle, Ingrid; Meza-Urzúa, Fátima; Mikolas, Pavol; Mok, Yee Ming; Monteith, Scott; Moorthy, Muthukumaran; Morken, Gunnar; Mosca, Enrica; Mozzhegorov, Anton A.; Munoz, Rodrigo; Mythri, Starlin V.; Nacef, Fethi; Nadella, Ravi K.; Nakanotani, Takako; Nielsen, René Ernst; O’Donovan, Claire; Omrani, Adel; Osher, Yamima; Ouali, Uta; Pantovic-Stefanovic, Maja; Pariwatcharakul, Pornjira; Petite, Joanne; Petzold, Johannes; Pfennig, Andrea; Ruiz, Yolanda Pica; Pinna, Marco; Pompili, Maurizio; Porter, Richard J.; Quiroz, Danilo; Rabelo-da-Ponte, Francisco Diego; Ramesar, Raj; Rasgon, Natalie; Ratta-apha, Woraphat; Ratzenhofer, Michaela; Redahan, Maria; Reddy, M. S.; Reif, Andreas; Reininghaus, Eva Z.; Richards, Jenny Gringer; Ritter, Philipp; Rybakowski, Janusz K.; Sathyaputri, Leela; Scippa, Angela M.; Simhandl, Christian; Smith, Daniel; Smith, José; Stackhouse, Jr, Paul W.; Stein, Dan J.; Stilwell, Kellen; Strejilevich, Sergio; Su, Kuan-Pin; Subramaniam, Mythily; Sulaiman, Ahmad Hatim; Suominen, Kirsi; Tanra, Andi J.; Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka; Teh, Wen Lin; Tondo, Leonardo; Torrent, Carla; Tuinstra, Daniel; Uchida, Takahito; Vaaler, Arne E.; Vieta, Eduard; Viswanath, Biju; Yoldi-Negrete, Maria; Yalcinkaya, Oguz Kaan; Young, Allan H.; Zgueb, Yosra; Whybrow, Peter C.
Source
International Journal of Bipolar Disorders. 11(1)
Subject
Language
English
ISSN
2194-7511
Abstract
Background: Sunlight contains ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation that triggers the production of vitamin D by skin. Vitamin D has widespread effects on brain function in both developing and adult brains. However, many people live at latitudes (about > 40 N or S) that do not receive enough UVB in winter to produce vitamin D. This exploratory study investigated the association between the age of onset of bipolar I disorder and the threshold for UVB sufficient for vitamin D production in a large global sample.Methods: Data for 6972 patients with bipolar I disorder were obtained at 75 collection sites in 41 countries in both hemispheres. The best model to assess the relation between the threshold for UVB sufficient for vitamin D production and age of onset included 1 or more months below the threshold, family history of mood disorders, and birth cohort. All coefficients estimated at P ≤ 0.001.Results: The 6972 patients had an onset in 582 locations in 70 countries, with a mean age of onset of 25.6 years. Of the onset locations, 34.0% had at least 1 month below the threshold for UVB sufficient for vitamin D production. The age of onset at locations with 1 or more months of less than or equal to the threshold for UVB was 1.66 years younger.Conclusion: UVB and vitamin D may have an important influence on the development of bipolar disorder. Study limitations included a lack of data on patient vitamin D levels, lifestyles, or supplement use. More study of the impacts of UVB and vitamin D in bipolar disorder is needed to evaluate this supposition.