부산대학교 도서관

The aim of this study is to evaluate the groundwater water quality, fluoride human health hazard, and human health impact in a semi-arid region. In the study area, 31 groundwater samples were collected and analyzed in different physico-chemical parameters in the pre-monsoon period. The waters were evaluated for drinking, irrigation, and human health risk. The main parameters evaluated were EC, pH, TDS, cations, anions, hardness, alkalinity, while sodium absorption ratio, magnesium ratio, chloro-alkaline index, potential salinity, percentage sodium, residual sodium carbonate and permeability index were used for irrigation water quality assessment. The dominance of the cations was in the order of Ca2+ > Mg2+  > Na+  > K+ while the anions was in the order of HCO3− > Cl− > CO32− > SO42− > F. The magnesium ratio exceeded the limit, which is harmful to the growth of the plant while the others (Kelly ratio, percent sodium, sodium absorption ratio, residual sodium carbonate, and permeability Index) were within the recommended limits. Drinking water parameters (TDS and Hardness) exceeded limits while the others were within the permissible limits. The fluoride human health hazard assessment showed that the different categories of people—children (35%), women (35%), and men (35%) were orally affected but there was no significant visible dental effect on the people. The entire samples were found to be in a silicate group of the area, according to normalized bivariate plots.