부산대학교 도서관

Modern digital technologies and advanced micro-irrigation systems have recently evolved into Smart Fertigation Systems. The present study reviewed the current knowledge on irrigation water quality, soil salinity, and smart fertigation systems (using differential GPS, GIS, sensors, biosensors, automatic guidance systems, etc.) to manage global salt-affected soils under precision farming. It encompasses micro-irrigation systems, nutrient-use efficiency, nutrient management, PGPR mechanisms, salt tolerance, stover management, precision agriculture, conservation tillage, and corporate farming. A site-specific approach with regulated fertigation (pH 6.5–7.2 and EC < 2 dS m−1), treated wastewater, compost, and composite biochar can improve nutritional quality in crops. Besides conserving water, it also lowers bulk density, releases slow nutrients, maintains soil microbial dynamics, and increases photosynthetic rates, WUE, and nutrient uptake. Even in extreme and arid environments, it reduces pollution, soil salinity, and production costs and provides farmers with higher profits. Centralizing fertigation reduces surface runoff losses; however, transporting water from a single location could result in higher energy costs. We consider several sustainability and compatibility issues related to fertigating strategies before deciding on the most appropriate approach for each case. The overuse of fertilizers can deplete soil nutrients because they continue to cycle indefinitely in the environment till immobilized by some chemical fixation processes. Overall, IoT-based smart fertigation systems can improve soil health and crop productivity and bring crop sustainability through solving soil and plant-based compatible issues.Graphical Abstract: Mechanisms of increased photosynthesis, salt tolerance, water tolerance, reduction in Na+ toxicity, and plant growth through fertigation with potassium hydroxide, silicic acid, calcium hydroxide, and liquid organic fertilizer in saline sodic soils. EC, electrical conductivity; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SOD, superoxide dismutase; POX, plant peroxidase; APX, ascorbate peroxidase; Ca(OH)2, calcium hydroxide; GPX, plant glutathione peroxidase; ATP, adenosine triphosphate; ADP, adenosine diphosphate; GA1, gibberellin; IAA, indole-3-acetic acid; KOH, potassium hydroxide (Source modified from Kumar et al. (Agron J 114:317–330, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.20957))