학술논문
Genome sequence of a 45,000-year-old modern human from western Siberia
Document Type
article
Author
Fu, Qiaomei; Li, Heng; Moorjani, Priya; Jay, Flora; Slepchenko, Sergey M; Bondarev, Aleksei A; Johnson, Philip LF; Aximu-Petri, Ayinuer; Prüfer, Kay; de Filippo, Cesare; Meyer, Matthias; Zwyns, Nicolas; Salazar-García, Domingo C; Kuzmin, Yaroslav V; Keates, Susan G; Kosintsev, Pavel A; Razhev, Dmitry I; Richards, Michael P; Peristov, Nikolai V; Lachmann, Michael; Douka, Katerina; Higham, Thomas FG; Slatkin, Montgomery; Hublin, Jean-Jacques; Reich, David; Kelso, Janet; Viola, T Bence; Pääbo, Svante
Source
Nature. 514(7523)
Subject
Language
Abstract
We present the high-quality genome sequence of a ∼45,000-year-old modern human male from Siberia. This individual derives from a population that lived before-or simultaneously with-the separation of the populations in western and eastern Eurasia and carries a similar amount of Neanderthal ancestry as present-day Eurasians. However, the genomic segments of Neanderthal ancestry are substantially longer than those observed in present-day individuals, indicating that Neanderthal gene flow into the ancestors of this individual occurred 7,000-13,000 years before he lived. We estimate an autosomal mutation rate of 0.4 × 10(-9) to 0.6 × 10(-9) per site per year, a Y chromosomal mutation rate of 0.7 × 10(-9) to 0.9 × 10(-9) per site per year based on the additional substitutions that have occurred in present-day non-Africans compared to this genome, and a mitochondrial mutation rate of 1.8 × 10(-8) to 3.2 × 10(-8) per site per year based on the age of the bone.