학술논문
Testosterone is positively associated with coronary artery calcium in a low cardiovascular disease risk population.
Document Type
article
Author
Trumble, Benjamin; Negrey, Jacob; Koebele, Stephanie; Thompson, Randall; Samuel Wann, L; Allam, Adel; Beheim, Bret; Linda Sutherland, M; Sutherland, James; Eid Rodriguez, Daniel; Michalik, David; Rowan, Chris; Lombardi, Guido; Garcia, Angela; Cummings, Daniel; Seabright, Edmond; Alami, Sarah; Kraft, Thomas; Hooper, Paul; Buetow, Kenneth; Irimia, Andrei; Gatz, Margaret; Stieglitz, Jonathan; Kaplan, Hillard; Thomas, Gregory; Gurven, Michael
Source
Evolution Medicine and Public Health. 11(1)
Subject
Language
Abstract
BACKGROUND: In industrialized populations, low male testosterone is associated with higher rates of cardiovascular mortality. However, coronary risk factors like obesity impact both testosterone and cardiovascular outcomes. Here, we assess the role of endogenous testosterone on coronary artery calcium in an active subsistence population with relatively low testosterone levels, low cardiovascular risk and low coronary artery calcium scores. METHODOLOGY: In this cross-sectional community-based study, 719 Tsimane forager-horticulturalists in the Bolivian Amazon aged 40+ years underwent computed tomography (49.8% male, mean age 57.6 years). RESULTS: Coronary artery calcium levels were low; 84.5% had no coronary artery calcium. Zero-inflated negative binomial models found testosterone was positively associated with coronary artery calcium for the full sample (Incidence Rate Ratio [IRR] = 1.477, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.001-2.170, P = 0.031), and in a male-only subset (IRR = 1.532, 95% CI 0.993-2.360, P = 0.053). Testosterone was also positively associated with clinically relevant coronary atherosclerosis (calcium >100 Agatston units) in the full sample (Odds Ratio [OR] = 1.984, 95% CI 1.202-3.275, P = 0.007) and when limited to male-only sample (OR = 2.032, 95% CI 1.118-4.816, P = 0.024). Individuals with coronary artery calcium >100 had 20% higher levels of testosterone than those with calcium