학술논문
Evidence for deconfined U(1) gauge theory at the transition between toric code and double semion
Document Type
article
Author
Source
Physical Review B. 103(14)
Subject
Language
Abstract
Building on quantum Monte Carlo simulations, we study the phase diagram of a one-parameter Hamiltonian interpolating between trivial and topological Ising paramagnets in two dimensions, which are dual to the toric code and the double semion. We discover an intermediate phase with stripe order which spontaneously breaks the protecting Ising symmetry. Remarkably, we find evidence that this intervening phase is gapless due to the incommensurability of the stripe pattern and that it is dual to a U(1) gauge theory exhibiting Cantor deconfinement.