학술논문

Strength of linkage disequilibrium between two vitamin D receptor markers in five ethnic groups: implications for association studies.
Document Type
article
Source
Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology. 6(2)
Subject
Asian: genetics
Asian People: genetics
Black People: genetics
Deoxyribonucleases
Type II Site-Specific
Ethnicity: genetics
Female
Gene Frequency
Genetic Markers
Genotype
Hispanic or Latino: genetics
Humans
Likelihood Functions
Linkage Disequilibrium
Male
Microsatellite Repeats
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Polymorphism
Restriction Fragment Length
Receptors
Calcitriol: genetics
White People: genetics
Language
Abstract
Markers in the 3' end of the vitamin D receptor gene have recently been associated with prostate cancer risk. To evaluate the adequacy of the commonly used BsmI restriction fragment length polymorphism as a marker of this locus, we genotyped 627 individuals from five ethnic groups for this marker, as well as for a polymorphic site in the 3' untranslated region of this gene. At the latter site, we identified 12 alleles, A13 to A24, of a poly(A) microsatellite. Allele size followed a bimodal distribution with distinct short (A13-A17) and long (A18-A24) allele populations. Poly(A) allele frequency differed by ethnicity, with the frequency of short alleles being highest in non-Hispanic whites (41%), intermediate in Hispanics and African-Americans (31 and 29%, respectively), and lowest in Japanese-Americans and Chinese (8 and 9%, respectively). In each of the ethnic groups, some degree of coupling was observed between BsmI B and short poly(A) alleles and between BsmI b and long poly(A) alleles. However, the strength of the linkage disequilibrium varied by ethnicity, with departures from complete disequilibrium producing disagreement between the BsmI and poly(A) genotypes. Genotypic disagreement was lowest in Japanese-Americans and non-Hispanic whites (6 and 7%, respectively), intermediate in Chinese and Hispanics (11 and 19%, respectively), and highest among African-Americans (37%), indicating that BsmI is not a good marker for the vitamin D receptor 3' untranslated region genotype in all populations. This finding may explain contradictory results from recent association studies using the BsmI marker.