학술논문
Planck intermediate results
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article
Author
Ade, PAR; Aghanim, N; Ashdown, M; Aumont, J; Baccigalupi, C; Banday, AJ; Barreiro, RB; Bartolo, N; Basak, S; Battaner, E; Benabed, K; Benoit-Lévy, A; Bernard, J-P; Bersanelli, M; Bielewicz, P; Bock, JJ; Bonaldi, A; Bonavera, L; Bond, JR; Borrill, J; Bouchet, FR; Boulanger, F; Burigana, C; Butler, RC; Calabrese, E; Cardoso, J-F; Catalano, A; Chiang, HC; Christensen, PR; Clements, DL; Colombi, S; Colombo, LPL; Combet, C; Crill, BP; Curto, A; Cuttaia, F; Danese, L; Davis, RJ; de Bernardis, P; de Zotti, G; Delabrouille, J; Dickinson, C; Diego, JM; Doré, O; Ducout, A; Dupac, X; Elsner, F; Enßlin, TA; Eriksen, HK; Finelli, F; Forni, O; Frailis, M; Fraisse, AA; Franceschi, E; Galeotta, S; Galli, S; Ganga, K; Ghosh, T; Giard, M; Giraud-Héraud, Y; Gjerløw, E; González-Nuevo, J; Górski, KM; Gruppuso, A; Gudmundsson, JE; Harrison, DL; Hernández-Monteagudo, C; Herranz, D; Hildebrandt, SR; Hornstrup, A; Hovest, W; Hurier, G; Jaffe, AH; Jones, WC; Keihänen, E; Keskitalo, R; Kisner, TS; Knoche, J; Knox, L; Kunz, M; Kurki-Suonio, H; Lagache, G; Lähteenmäki, A; Lamarre, J-M; Lasenby, A; Lattanzi, M; Leonardi, R; Levrier, F; Lilje, PB; Linden-Vørnle, M; López-Caniego, M; Lubin, PM; Macías-Pérez, JF; Maffei, B; Maggio, G; Maino, D; Mandolesi, N; Mangilli, A; Maris, M; Martin, PG
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Subject
Language
Abstract
The secondary cosmic microwave background (CMB) B-modes stem from the post-decoupling distortion of the polarization E-modes due to the gravitational lensing effect of large-scale structures. These lensing-induced B-modes constitute both a valuable probe of the dark matter distribution and an important contaminant for the extraction of the primary CMB B-modes from inflation. Planck provides accurate nearly all-sky measurements of both the polarization E-modes and the integrated mass distribution via the reconstruction of the CMB lensing potential. By combining these two data products, we have produced an all-sky template map of the lensing-induced B-modes using a real-space algorithm that minimizes the impact of sky masks. The cross-correlation of this template with an observed (primordial and secondary) B-mode map can be used to measure the lensing B-mode power spectrum at multipoles up to 2000. In particular, when cross-correlating with the B-mode contribution directly derived from the Planck polarization maps, we obtain lensing-induced B-mode power spectrum measurement at a significance level of 12σ, which agrees with the theoretical expectation derived from the Planck best-fit Λ cold dark matter model. This unique nearly all-sky secondary B-mode template, which includes the lensing-induced information from intermediate to small (10 ≤ l ≤ 1000) angular scales, is delivered as part of the Planck 2015 public data release. It will be particularly useful for experiments searching for primordial B-modes, such as BICEP2/Keck Array or LiteBIRD, since it will enable an estimate to be made of the lensing-induced contribution to the measured total CMB B-modes.