학술논문
Search for Multi-flare Neutrino Emissions in 10 yr of IceCube Data from a Catalog of Sources
Document Type
article
Author
Abbasi, R; Ackermann, M; Adams, J; Aguilar, JA; Ahlers, M; Ahrens, M; Alispach, C; Alves, AA; Amin, NM; An, R; Andeen, K; Anderson, T; Anton, G; Argüelles, C; Ashida, Y; Axani, S; Bai, X; V., A Balagopal; Barbano, A; Barwick, SW; Bastian, B; Basu, V; Baur, S; Bay, R; Beatty, JJ; Becker, K-H; Tjus, J Becker; Bellenghi, C; BenZvi, S; Berley, D; Bernardini, E; Besson, DZ; Binder, G; Bindig, D; Blaufuss, E; Blot, S; Boddenberg, M; Bontempo, F; Borowka, J; Böser, S; Botner, O; Böttcher, J; Bourbeau, E; Bradascio, F; Braun, J; Bron, S; Brostean-Kaiser, J; Browne, S; Burgman, A; Burley, RT; Busse, RS; Campana, MA; Carnie-Bronca, EG; Chen, C; Chirkin, D; Choi, K; Clark, BA; Clark, K; Classen, L; Coleman, A; Collin, GH; Conrad, JM; Coppin, P; Correa, P; Cowen, DF; Cross, R; Dappen, C; Dave, P; De Clercq, C; DeLaunay, JJ; Dembinski, H; Deoskar, K; De Ridder, S; Desai, A; Desiati, P; de Vries, KD; de Wasseige, G; de With, M; DeYoung, T; Dharani, S; Diaz, A; Díaz-Vélez, JC; Dittmer, M; Dujmovic, H; Dunkman, M; DuVernois, MA; Dvorak, E; Ehrhardt, T; Eller, P; Engel, R; Erpenbeck, H; Evans, J; Evenson, PA; Fan, KL; Fazely, AR; Fiedlschuster, S; Fienberg, AT; Filimonov, K; Finley, C; Fischer, L
Source
The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 920(2)
Subject
Language
Abstract
A recent time-integrated analysis of a catalog of 110 candidate neutrino sources revealed a cumulative neutrino excess in the data collected by IceCube between 2008 April 6 and 2018 July 10. This excess, inconsistent with the background hypothesis in the Northern Hemisphere at the 3.3σ level, is associated with four sources: NGC 1068, TXS 0506+056, PKS 1424+240, and GB6 J1542+6129. This Letter presents two time-dependent neutrino emission searches on the same data sample and catalog: a point-source search that looks for the most significant time-dependent source of the catalog by combining space, energy, and time information of the events, and a population test based on binomial statistics that looks for a cumulative time-dependent neutrino excess from a subset of sources. Compared to previous time-dependent searches, these analyses enable a feature to possibly find multiple flares from a single direction with an unbinned maximum-likelihood method. M87 is found to be the most significant time-dependent source of this catalog at the level of 1.7σ post-trial, and TXS 0506+056 is the only source for which two flares are reconstructed. The binomial test reports a cumulative time-dependent neutrino excess in the Northern Hemisphere at the level of 3.0σ associated with four sources: M87, TXS 0506+056, GB6 J1542+6129, and NGC 1068.