학술논문

CAR-T cell therapy targeting surface expression of TYRP1 to treat cutaneous and rare melanoma subtypes
Document Type
article
Source
Nature Communications. 15(1)
Subject
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences
Oncology and Carcinogenesis
Immunology
Genetics
Gene Therapy
Cancer
Rare Diseases
Development of treatments and therapeutic interventions
5.2 Cellular and gene therapies
Humans
Mice
Animals
Melanoma
Receptors
Chimeric Antigen
Immunotherapy
Adoptive
Uveal Neoplasms
Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy
Membrane Glycoproteins
Oxidoreductases
Language
Abstract
A major limitation to developing chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapies for solid tumors is identifying surface proteins highly expressed in tumors but not in normal tissues. Here, we identify Tyrosinase Related Protein 1 (TYRP1) as a CAR-T cell therapy target to treat patients with cutaneous and rare melanoma subtypes unresponsive to immune checkpoint blockade. TYRP1 is primarily located intracellularly in the melanosomes, with a small fraction being trafficked to the cell surface via vesicular transport. We develop a highly sensitive CAR-T cell therapy that detects surface TYRP1 in tumor cells with high TYRP1 overexpression and presents antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo in murine and patient-derived cutaneous, acral and uveal melanoma models. Furthermore, no systemic or off-tumor severe toxicities are observed in an immunocompetent murine model. The efficacy and safety profile of the TYRP1 CAR-T cell therapy supports the ongoing preparation of a phase I clinical trial.