학술논문
SEARCH FOR EARLY GAMMA-RAY PRODUCTION IN SUPERNOVAE LOCATED IN A DENSE CIRCUMSTELLAR MEDIUM WITH THE FERMI LAT
Document Type
article
Author
Ackermann, M; Arcavi, I; Baldini, L; Ballet, J; Barbiellini, G; Bastieri, D; Bellazzini, R; Bissaldi, E; Blandford, RD; Bonino, R; Bottacini, E; Brandt, TJ; Bregeon, J; Bruel, P; Buehler, R; Buson, S; Caliandro, GA; Cameron, RA; Caragiulo, M; Caraveo, PA; Cavazzuti, E; Cecchi, C; Charles, E; Chekhtman, A; Chiang, J; Chiaro, G; Ciprini, S; Claus, R; Cohen-Tanugi, J; Cutini, S; D’Ammando, F; de Angelis, A; de Palma, F; Desiante, R; Di Venere, L; Drell, PS; Favuzzi, C; Fegan, SJ; Franckowiak, A; Funk, S; Fusco, P; Gal-Yam, A; Gargano, F; Gasparrini, D; Giglietto, N; Giordano, F; Giroletti, M; Glanzman, T; Godfrey, G; Grenier, IA; Grove, JE; Guiriec, S; Harding, AK; Hayashi, K; Hewitt, JW; Hill, AB; Horan, D; Jogler, T; Jóhannesson, G; Kocevski, D; Kuss, M; Larsson, S; Lashner, J; Latronico, L; Li, J; Li, L; Longo, F; Loparco, F; Lovellette, MN; Lubrano, P; Malyshev, D; Mayer, M; Mazziotta, MN; McEnery, JE; Michelson, PF; Mizuno, T; Monzani, ME; Morselli, A; Murase, K; Nugent, P; Nuss, E; Ofek, E; Ohsugi, T; Orienti, M; Orlando, E; Ormes, JF; Paneque, D; Pesce-Rollins, M; Piron, F; Pivato, G; Rainò, S; Rando, R; Razzano, M; Reimer, A; Reimer, O; Schulz, A; Sgrò, C; Siskind, EJ; Spada, F; Spandre, G
Source
The Astrophysical Journal. 807(2)
Subject
Language
Abstract
Supernovae (SNe) exploding in a dense circumstellar medium (CSM) are hypothesized to accelerate cosmic rays in collisionless shocks and emit GeV γ-rays and TeV neutrinos on a timescale of several months. We perform the first systematic search for γ-ray emission in Fermi Large Area Telescope data in the energy range from to from the ensemble of 147 SNe Type IIn exploding in a dense CSM. We search for a γ-ray excess at each SNe location in a one-year time window. In order to enhance a possible weak signal, we simultaneously study the closest and optically brightest sources of our sample in a joint-likelihood analysis in three different time windows (1 year, 6 months, and 3 months). For the most promising source of the sample, SN 2010jl (PTF 10aaxf), we repeat the analysis with an extended time window lasting 4.5 years. We do not find a significant excess in γ-rays for any individual source nor for the combined sources and provide model-independent flux upper limits for both cases. In addition, we derive limits on the γ-ray luminosity and the ratio of γ-ray-to-optical luminosity ratio as a function of the index of the proton injection spectrum assuming a generic γ-ray production model. Furthermore, we present detailed flux predictions based on multi-wavelength observations and the corresponding flux upper limit at a 95% confidence level (CL) for the source SN 2010jl (PTF 10aaxf).