학술논문
CMB-S4: Forecasting Constraints on Primordial Gravitational Waves
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article
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Collaboration, CMB-S4; :; Abazajian, Kevork; Addison, Graeme E; Adshead, Peter; Ahmed, Zeeshan; Akerib, Daniel; Ali, Aamir; Allen, Steven W; Alonso, David; Alvarez, Marcelo; Amin, Mustafa A; Anderson, Adam; Arnold, Kam S; Ashton, Peter; Baccigalupi, Carlo; Bard, Debbie; Barkats, Denis; Barron, Darcy; Barry, Peter S; Bartlett, James G; Thakur, Ritoban Basu; Battaglia, Nicholas; Bean, Rachel; Bebek, Chris; Bender, Amy N; Benson, Bradford A; Bianchini, Federico; Bischoff, Colin A; Bleem, Lindsey; Bock, James J; Bocquet, Sebastian; Boddy, Kimberly K; Bond, J Richard; Borrill, Julian; Bouchet, François R; Brinckmann, Thejs; Brown, Michael L; Bryan, Sean; Buza, Victor; Byrum, Karen; Caimapo, Carlos Hervias; Calabrese, Erminia; Calafut, Victoria; Caldwell, Robert; Carlstrom, John E; Carron, Julien; Cecil, Thomas; Challinor, Anthony; Chang, Clarence L; Chinone, Yuji; Cho, Hsiao-Mei Sherry; Cooray, Asantha; Coulton, Will; Crawford, Thomas M; Crites, Abigail; Cukierman, Ari; Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan; de Haan, Tijmen; Delabrouille, Jacques; Devlin, Mark; Di Valentino, Eleonora; Dierickx, Marion; Dobbs, Matt; Duff, Shannon; Dunkley, Jo; Dvorkin, Cora; Eimer, Joseph; Elleflot, Tucker; Errard, Josquin; Essinger-Hileman, Thomas; Fabbian, Giulio; Feng, Chang; Ferraro, Simone; Filippini, Jeffrey P; Flauger, Raphael; Flaugher, Brenna; Fraisse, Aurelien A; Frolov, Andrei; Galitzki, Nicholas; Gallardo, Patricio A; Galli, Silvia; Ganga, Ken; Gerbino, Martina; Gluscevic, Vera; Goeckner-Wald, Neil; Green, Daniel; Grin, Daniel; Grohs, Evan; Gualtieri, Riccardo; Gudmundsson, Jon E; Gullett, Ian; Gupta, Nikhel; Habib, Salman; Halpern, Mark; Halverson, Nils W; Hanany, Shaul; Harrington, Kathleen; Hasegawa, Masaya; Hasselfield, Matthew
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Abstract
CMB-S4---the next-generation ground-based cosmic microwave background (CMB)experiment---is set to significantly advance the sensitivity of CMBmeasurements and enhance our understanding of the origin and evolution of theUniverse, from the highest energies at the dawn of time through the growth ofstructure to the present day. Among the science cases pursued with CMB-S4, thequest for detecting primordial gravitational waves is a central driver of theexperimental design. This work details the development of a forecastingframework that includes a power-spectrum-based semi-analytic projection tool,targeted explicitly towards optimizing constraints on the tensor-to-scalarratio, $r$, in the presence of Galactic foregrounds and gravitational lensingof the CMB. This framework is unique in its direct use of information from theachieved performance of current Stage 2--3 CMB experiments to robustly forecastthe science reach of upcoming CMB-polarization endeavors. The methodologyallows for rapid iteration over experimental configurations and offers aflexible way to optimize the design of future experiments given a desiredscientific goal. To form a closed-loop process, we couple this semi-analytictool with map-based validation studies, which allow for the injection ofadditional complexity and verification of our forecasts with severalindependent analysis methods. We document multiple rounds of forecasts forCMB-S4 using this process and the resulting establishment of the currentreference design of the primordial gravitational-wave component of the Stage-4experiment, optimized to achieve our science goals of detecting primordialgravitational waves for $r > 0.003$ at greater than $5\sigma$, or, in theabsence of a detection, of reaching an upper limit of $r < 0.001$ at $95\%$ CL.