학술논문
Opportunistic infections and AIDS malignancies early after initiating combination antiretroviral therapy in high-income countries.
Document Type
article
Author
Lodi, S; Del Amo, J; Moreno, S; Bucher, HC; Furrer, H; Logan, R; Sterne, J; Pérez-Hoyos, S; Jarrín, I; Phillips, A; Olson, A; Van Sighem, A; Reiss, P; Sabin, C; Jose, S; Justice, A; Goulet, J; Miró, JM; Ferrer, E; Meyer, L; Seng, R; Vourli, G; Antoniadou, A; Dabis, F; Vandenhede, MA; Costagliola, D; Abgrall, S; Hernán, MA; Hernan, M; Bansi, L; Hill, T; Dunn, D; Porter, K; Glabay, A; Orkin, C; Thomas, R; Jones, K; Fisher, M; Perry, N; Pullin, A; Churchill, D; Gazzard, B; Nelson, M; Asboe, D; Bulbeck, S; Mandalia, S; Clarke, J; Delpech, V; Anderson, J; Munshi, S; Post, F; Easterbrook, P; Khan, Y; Patel, P; Karim, F; Duffell, S; Gilson, R; Man, SL; Williams, I; Gompels, M; Dooley, D; Schwenk, A; Ainsworth, J; Johnson, M; Youle, M; Lampe, F; Smith, C; Grabowska, H; Chaloner, C; Ismajani Puradiredja, D; Walsh, J; Weber, J; Kemble, C; Mackie, N; Winston, A; Leen, C; Wilson, A; Bezemer, DO; Gras, LAJ; Kesselring, AM; Van Sighem, AI; Zaheri, S; Van Twillert, G; Kortmann, W; Branger, J; Prins, JM; Kuijpers, TW; Scherpbier, HJ; Van Der Meer, JTM; Wit, FWMN; Godfried, MH; Van Der Poll, T; Nellen, FJB; Lange, JMA
Source
AIDS (London, England). 28(16)
Subject
Language
Abstract
BackgroundThere is little information on the incidence of AIDS-defining events which have been reported in the literature to be associated with immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) after combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) initiation. These events include tuberculosis, mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), herpes simplex virus (HSV), Kaposi sarcoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), cryptococcosis and candidiasis.MethodsWe identified individuals in the HIV-CAUSAL Collaboration, which includes data from six European countries and the US, who were HIV-positive between 1996 and 2013, antiretroviral therapy naive, aged at least 18 years, had CD4 cell count and HIV-RNA measurements and had been AIDS-free for at least 1 month between those measurements and the start of follow-up. For each AIDS-defining event, we estimated the hazard ratio for no cART versus less than 3 and at least 3 months since cART initiation, adjusting for time-varying CD4 cell count and HIV-RNA via inverse probability weighting.ResultsOut of 96 562 eligible individuals (78% men) with median (interquantile range) follow-up of 31 [13,65] months, 55 144 initiated cART. The number of cases varied between 898 for tuberculosis and 113 for PML. Compared with non-cART initiation, the hazard ratio (95% confidence intervals) up to 3 months after cART initiation were 1.21 (0.90-1.63) for tuberculosis, 2.61 (1.05-6.49) for MAC, 1.17 (0.34-4.08) for CMV retinitis, 1.18 (0.62-2.26) for PML, 1.21 (0.83-1.75) for HSV, 1.18 (0.87-1.58) for Kaposi sarcoma, 1.56 (0.82-2.95) for NHL, 1.11 (0.56-2.18) for cryptococcosis and 0.77 (0.40-1.49) for candidiasis.ConclusionWith the potential exception of mycobacterial infections, unmasking IRIS does not appear to be a common complication of cART initiation in high-income countries.