학술논문
Diving below the Spin-down Limit: Constraints on Gravitational Waves from the Energetic Young Pulsar PSR J0537-6910
Document Type
article
Author
Abbott, R; Abbott, TD; Abraham, S; Acernese, F; Ackley, K; Adams, A; Adams, C; Adhikari, RX; Adya, VB; Affeldt, C; Agarwal, D; Agathos, M; Agatsuma, K; Aggarwal, N; Aguiar, OD; Aiello, L; Ain, A; Ajith, P; Akutsu, T; Aleman, KM; Allen, G; Allocca, A; Altin, PA; Amato, A; Anand, S; Ananyeva, A; Anderson, SB; Anderson, WG; Ando, M; Angelova, SV; Ansoldi, S; Antelis, JM; Antier, S; Appert, S; Arai, Koya; Arai, Koji; Arai, Y; Araki, S; Araya, A; Araya, MC; Areeda, JS; Arène, M; Aritomi, N; Arnaud, N; Aronson, SM; Arun, KG; Asada, H; Asali, Y; Ashton, G; Aso, Y; Aston, SM; Astone, P; Aubin, F; Aufmuth, P; AultONeal, K; Austin, C; Babak, S; Badaracco, F; Bader, MKM; Bae, S; Bae, Y; Baer, AM; Bagnasco, S; Bai, Y; Baiotti, L; Baird, J; Bajpai, R; Ball, M; Ballardin, G; Ballmer, SW; Bals, M; Balsamo, A; Baltus, G; Banagiri, S; Bankar, D; Bankar, RS; Barayoga, JC; Barbieri, C; Barish, BC; Barker, D; Barneo, P; Barnum, S; Barone, F; Barr, B; Barsotti, L; Barsuglia, M; Barta, D; Bartlett, J; Barton, MA; Bartos, I; Bassiri, R; Basti, A; Bawaj, M; Bayley, JC; Baylor, AC; Bazzan, M; Bécsy, B; Bedakihale, VM; Bejger, M; Belahcene, I
Source
The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 913(2)
Subject
Language
Abstract
We present a search for quasi-monochromatic gravitational-wave signals from the young, energetic X-ray pulsar PSR J0537-6910 using data from the second and third observing runs of LIGO and Virgo. The search is enabled by a contemporaneous timing ephemeris obtained using Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) data. The NICER ephemeris has also been extended through 2020 October and includes three new glitches. PSR J0537-6910 has the largest spin-down luminosity of any pulsar and exhibits fRequent and strong glitches. Analyses of its long-term and interglitch braking indices provide intriguing evidence that its spin-down energy budget may include gravitational-wave emission from a time-varying mass quadrupole moment. Its 62 Hz rotation frequency also puts its possible gravitational-wave emission in the most sensitive band of the LIGO/Virgo detectors. Motivated by these considerations, we search for gravitational-wave emission at both once and twice the rotation frequency from PSR J0537-6910. We find no signal, however, and report upper limits. Assuming a rigidly rotating triaxial star, our constraints reach below the gravitational-wave spin-down limit for this star for the first time by more than a factor of 2 and limit gravitational waves from the l = m = 2 mode to account for less than 14% of the spin-down energy budget. The fiducial equatorial ellipticity is constrained to less than about 3 ×10-5, which is the third best constraint for any young pulsar.