부산대학교 도서관

In Korea, fish is a major food source and the sustainable production of fish is critical for the aquaculture industry. Recently, infectious diseases have become an unavoidable problem in aquaculture and have caused serious economic losses. Therefore, there is an urgent need to overcome this challenge to increase productivity in aquaculture. Vaccination is the most effective and long-term measure for improving the basic management of a fish farm. Vaccines can also have a significant positive impact through the reduced usage of antibiotics. As of the 2021, 30 licensed fish vaccines are approved in Korea for 10 fish pathogens, including both single and combination vaccines containing more than two inactivated pathogens. Twenty-eight of these are used in the olive flounder (Para ichthys olivaceus); however, only two vaccines are used in three fish species. Although the olive flounder is the main farmed fish in Korea, various species of marine and freshwater fish that have considerable industrial value are also cultured. Therefore, vaccine development is required not only for the olive flounder but also for the minor fish species cultured. Among these approved fish vaccines, two are immersion and 28 are syringe injection commercial vaccines. Although the syringe injection is the most effective form of vaccine administration in fish, this method has been reported to cause significant stress in fish fry and is difficult to use in fish species with scales. To overcome these problems, it is necessary to develop a vaccination method based on immersion or oral administration. Research on mucosal immunity is proceeding actively globally, and the development of an efficient antigen-delivering method is expected in the future. The development of effective vaccines and vaccination programs for fish is a continuous requirement for a sustainable aquaculture industry; hence, the Korean government should persist in its efforts to support the future of the industry.