학술논문
Mixité sociale : retour sur douze ans de ciblage des politiques d’éducation prioritaire / Social Diversity: A Review of Twelve Years of Targeting Priority Education Policies
Document Type
article
Author
Source
Economie et Statistique / Economics and Statistics 528-529(1):9-27
Subject
Language
French
ISSN
0336-1454
Abstract
À partir des données de la Base Centrale Scolarité (BCS), nous mettons en évidence un certain nombre de faits stylisés sur l’évolution du ciblage de l’éducation prioritaire sur la période 2004‑2016 et sur la ségrégation inter‑collèges. Tout d’abord, nous constatons une baisse de la part d’élèves défavorisés sur la période 2004‑2014, suivie d’une période de recentrage de l’éducation prioritaire sur les populations les plus défavorisées à partir de 2015. Le calcul d’un indice d’information mutuelle et sa décomposition nous permettent de montrer qu’en termes de ségrégation sociale, au cours d’une période caractérisée par une relative stabilité de la ségrégation inter‑collèges au niveau global, les différences entre les collèges en éducation prioritaire et les autres ont tendance à s’atténuer jusqu’en 2014 et à repartir à la hausse après. La décomposition géographique de ces indices nous permet de montrer que la période de réduction de la part d’élèves défavorisés est portée par les académies fortement urbanisées, mais que le recentrage de l’éducation prioritaire sur les collèges les moins mixtes concerne le rural comme les zones plus urbanisées.
Using data from the Base Centrale Scolarité (exhaustive data on pupils and schools, BCS), we highlight a number of stylised facts regarding changes to the targeting of priority education during the 2004-2016 period and inter-secondary school segregation. To start, we observe a decline in the proportion of disadvantaged pupils during the 2004-2014 period, followed by a period in which the focus of priority education is shifted to the most disadvantaged populations from 2015 onwards. The calculation of a mutual information index and its decomposition allows us to show that, in terms of social segregation, during a period characterised by relative stability with regard to inter-school segregation at the global level, the differences between secondary schools in priority education and others tended to narrow until 2014 before beginning to increase again. The geographical decomposition of these indices shows that the fall in the share of disadvantaged pupils was driven by the highly urbanised regions, but that the refocusing of priority education on the least diverse secondary schools concerned both rural and more urbanised areas alike.
Using data from the Base Centrale Scolarité (exhaustive data on pupils and schools, BCS), we highlight a number of stylised facts regarding changes to the targeting of priority education during the 2004-2016 period and inter-secondary school segregation. To start, we observe a decline in the proportion of disadvantaged pupils during the 2004-2014 period, followed by a period in which the focus of priority education is shifted to the most disadvantaged populations from 2015 onwards. The calculation of a mutual information index and its decomposition allows us to show that, in terms of social segregation, during a period characterised by relative stability with regard to inter-school segregation at the global level, the differences between secondary schools in priority education and others tended to narrow until 2014 before beginning to increase again. The geographical decomposition of these indices shows that the fall in the share of disadvantaged pupils was driven by the highly urbanised regions, but that the refocusing of priority education on the least diverse secondary schools concerned both rural and more urbanised areas alike.