학술논문
England
Document Type
Reference Entry
Author
Allen, Brian, author; Barton, Lin, author; Coldstream, Nicola, author; Howard, Maurice, author; Hinchcliffe, Tanis, author; Muthesius, Stefan, author; Alfillé, Tanya, author; Chirelstein, Ellen K., author; Faberman, Hilarie, author; Livingstone, Marco, author; Lindley, Phillip, author; Physick, John, author; Hind, Charles Wheelton, author; Grosheide, Daniëlle, author; Brisby, Claire, author; Austen, Brian, author; Graham, Clare, author; Yorke, James, author; Collard, Frances, author; Campbell, Gordon, author; Allwood, Rosamond, author; Woodham, Jonathan M., author; McCarthy, Michael R., author; Hildyard, Robin, author; Berthoud, Michael, author; Niblett, Kathy, author; Somervell, K., author; Dodsworth, Roger, author; Morgan, Nigel J., author; Glanville, Philippa, author; Riddell, Richard, author; Turner, Eric, author; Hornsby, Peter, author; North, A. R. E., author; Scarisbrick, Diana, author; Benjamin, Susan, author; Snowman, A. Kenneth, author; Campbell, T., author; Levey, Santina M., author; Wardle, Patricia, author; Rothstein, Natalie, author; Browne, Clare Woodthorpe, author; Garnett, Oliver, author; West, Shearer, author; Kirby, John, author
Source
Oxford Art Online, 2003, ill.
Subject
Language
English
Abstract
Largest of the constituent parts of the United Kingdom. Located on the island of Great Britain, England (see fig.) has a population of c. 49 million; London is the capital of both England and the UK. Brian Allen, bibliography contributed by Lin Barton The highest area in England lies in the north-west where such peaks as Scafell and Skiddaw rise over 900 m above the lake-filled valleys (the Lake District). Further south is the excellent farming land of the Midland plain; here, the splendid cathedrals of Chester, Worcester, Hereford, and Lincoln provide evidence of the region’s prosperity in medieval times, and, to the east, some small towns have extraordinarily grand 15th-century churches, built when there was a flourishing wool trade. Many Dutch and Flemish weavers arrived at this time to teach the English their craft. In the south-east lies the London basin of the River Thames; to the south-west lie Salisbury Plain and the fertile Hampshire basin wherein some of the oldest British settlements such as Stonehenge and Avebury are found. Beyond lies the peninsula of Devon and Cornwall; here there are many good fishing havens, and the harbour at Plymouth has been one of the most important naval bases since the reign of Elizabeth I. No part of England is more than 100 miles from the sea, which has prevented attack from foreigners and has a considerable effect on England’s climate. The winds frequently bring rain, resulting in a more temperate climate than in much of central Europe....