학술논문
Observations of VOC Emissions and Photochemical Products over US Oil- and Gas-Producing Regions Using High-Resolution H3O+ CIMS (PTR-ToF-MS)
Document Type
Report
Author
Koss, Abigail; Yuan, Bin; Warneke, Carsten; Gilman, Jessica B; Lerner, Brian M; Veres, Patrick R; Peischl, Jeff; Eilerman, Scott; Wild, Rob; Brown, Steven S; Thompson, Chelsea R; Ryerson, Thomas; Hanisco, Thomas F; Wolfe, Glenn M; St. Clair, Jason M; Thayer, Mitchell; Keutsch, Frank N; Murphy, Shane; De Gouw, J
Source
Atmospheric Measurement Techniques. 10(8)
Subject
Language
English
ISSN
1867-8548
Abstract
VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds) related to oil and gas extraction operations in the United States were measured by H3O (sup plus) chemical ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (H3O (sup plus) ToFCIMS/PTR-ToF-MS (Time of Flight Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry/Proton Transfer Reaction-Time of Flight-Mass Spectroscopy) from aircraft during the Shale Oil and Natural Gas Nexus (SONGNEX) campaign in March-April 2015. This work presents an overview of major VOC species measured in nine oil- and gas-producing regions, and a more detailed analysis of H3O (sup plus) ToF-CIMS measurements in the Permian Basin within Texas and New Mexico. Mass spectra are dominated by small photochemically produced oxygenates and compounds typically found in crude oil: aromatics, cyclic alkanes, and alkanes. Mixing ratios of aromatics were frequently as high as those measured downwind of large urban areas. In the Permian, the H3O (sup plus) ToF-CIMS measured a number of underexplored or previously unreported species, including aromatic and cycloalkane oxidation products, nitrogen heterocycles including pyrrole (C4H5N) and pyrroline (C4H7N), H2S, and a diamondoid (adamantane) or unusual monoterpene. We additionally assess the specificity of a number of ion masses resulting from H3O (sup plus) ion chemistry previously reported in the literature, including several new or alternate interpretations.