부산대학교 도서관

The final chapter provides instructions for practical procedures which support advice given in other sections. Techniques for managing difficult airways are explored including front of neck access (by surgical or needle cricothyroidotomy), intubating laryngeal mask insertion, awake fibreoptic intubation, lightwand-assisted airway management, and retrograde intubation. Meanwhile, techniques for chest drain insertion and one-lung ventilation are described. Methods of administering bronchodilators by in-circuit nebulization or metered dose inhaler are offered. Advanced access techniques for the circulation are also presented, including internal jugular catheters, femoral vein catheters, intraosseous needle insertion, and venous cut-down. Pacing is discussed within the contexts of initiating new pacing (internal and external) and providing anaesthesia for patients with pre-existing implantable pacing systems and cardioverter defibrillators. A final section gives guidance on transferring critically ill patients.