부산대학교 도서관

The abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) can be defined as a state of acute organ dysfunction, predominantly affecting the cardiovascular, respiratory, and renal systems from a sustained increase in intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) causing intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH). The early recognition, prompt diagnosis, and immediate intervention of ACS can improve organ dysfunction. Intra-abdominal pressure and the abdominal compartment syndrome are separate, distinct clinical entities. Intra-abdominal pressure is the steady-state pressure concealed within the abdominal cavity. Intra-abdominal hypertension is defined by a sustained or repeated pathological elevation in IAP ≥ 12 mmHg. Abdominal compartment syndrome is defined as a sustained increase of IAP over 20 mmHg that is associated with new or worsening organ function. The effects of IAH are not limited to the intra-abdominal organs but have an impact either directly or indirectly on other organ systems in the body. The definitive diagnosis of IAH/ACS requires a measurement of the IAP. The intra-vesicular technique is a minimally invasive, easy, precise, reliable, and reproducible way of measuring IAP. The development of IAH/ACS during a critical care unit stay is an independent predictor of a patient’s outcome. Medical interventions target three critical contributors to IAH; solid organ and hollow-viscera volume, space-occupying lesions, such as ascites, blood, abdominal packs and tumours, and conditions that limit abdominal wall compliance. Surgical decompression of the abdominal cavity is considered the definitive management of ACS. Temporary abdominal wall closure using negative pressure wound therapy has the highest fascial closure and lowest mortality rates.