학술논문
現代日本語の存在文 「XにYがある」 に關する一考察 一時間的限定性を中心に一
A View on Substantive Verb 'Aru' in Contemporary Japanese From the Viewpoint of Time Limitation
A View on Substantive Verb 'Aru' in Contemporary Japanese From the Viewpoint of Time Limitation
Document Type
Article
Author
Source
일본어교육연구 / The Korean Journal of Japanese Education. May 31, 2018 43:171
Subject
Language
Korean
ISSN
1598-4311
Abstract
奧田(1996)では文の分類をめぐって、述語が表す事象を一時的な現象か恒常的な質かと捉え、全ての述語を對象に＜運動＞＜狀態＞＜存在＞＜特性＞＜關係＞＜質＞という意味類型で表した。存在動詞は奧田によると特殊な領域であるとされている。本稿は、日本語の存在動詞において最も多くみられる「XにYがある」構文の存在文を對象に、場所を表す二格名詞Xと、存在主體を表すガ格名詞Yの意味成分とその關係性に着目し、時間的限定性の觀点から分類を試みる。まず、場所成分Xには固定性の高い場所と低い場所がみられ、存在主體Yは場所Xとの關係において流動性の違いが表れることが確認された。また、それぞれの存在文が表す時間的限定性を考察すると、Xの固定性に關係なく、Xに存在するYの流動性が高いほど一時的なアクチュアル性が高まることが見られた。つまり流動性の低いYは相對的に恒常的本質に近接しているが、場所を表すXが固定性が低い場合、場所消滅の可能性が出てくる。卽ちXとYの關係において、ポテンシャルな恒常的本質を表したとしても、Xの場所に移動性があるため一時的現象に容易に移行する現象が起こることが確認された。以上、本稿では「XにYがある」構文の典型を探ってみたのであるが、より多くの用例を對象に詳細な分析を行い、最終的には存在動詞「いる」「ある」の全體的な段階性を提示することを目標とする。
Yasuo Okuda (1996) shows that the concept of "temporal restriction"―the phenomenon represented by the predicate over "classification of sentences" as a temporal phenomenon or a permanent essence―indicates that all verbs can be categorized into < action >, < state >, < existence > < characteristics >, and < substance >. substantive verb is said to be a special area. In this thesis, for the existence sentences which constitute the most basic "existence of Y in X" syntax of this Japanese existence verb, a nominal noun (phrase) X expressing the place and a gaze noun (Phrase) based on the semantic components and relationships,13) we tried classification in view of time limitation. First, the place component X has high and low fluidity, and it can be confirmed that the variability in existence subject Y is related to location X. In addition, observing the time limitation indicated by each existence sentence, it is seen that the higher the variability of Y existing in X irrespective of the mobility of X, the more temporary activity is enhanced. In other words, Y with low variability is relatively close to the constant essential nature, but if X representing the place here is a place with high fluidity, the possibility of the place to disappear comes out . In other words, even if it shows a potential constant constituent in the relationship between X and Y, it was confirmed that a phenomenon occurs in which a flow easily occurs to a temporary phenomenon due to flowing at the location of X. As described above, in this paper I showed the semantic type by the time limitation of the syntax "Y in X", but I will try more detailed analysis on more examples in the future. The final goal is to show the entire variations of "there"．
Yasuo Okuda (1996) shows that the concept of "temporal restriction"―the phenomenon represented by the predicate over "classification of sentences" as a temporal phenomenon or a permanent essence―indicates that all verbs can be categorized into < action >, < state >, < existence > < characteristics >, and < substance >. substantive verb is said to be a special area. In this thesis, for the existence sentences which constitute the most basic "existence of Y in X" syntax of this Japanese existence verb, a nominal noun (phrase) X expressing the place and a gaze noun (Phrase) based on the semantic components and relationships,13) we tried classification in view of time limitation. First, the place component X has high and low fluidity, and it can be confirmed that the variability in existence subject Y is related to location X. In addition, observing the time limitation indicated by each existence sentence, it is seen that the higher the variability of Y existing in X irrespective of the mobility of X, the more temporary activity is enhanced. In other words, Y with low variability is relatively close to the constant essential nature, but if X representing the place here is a place with high fluidity, the possibility of the place to disappear comes out . In other words, even if it shows a potential constant constituent in the relationship between X and Y, it was confirmed that a phenomenon occurs in which a flow easily occurs to a temporary phenomenon due to flowing at the location of X. As described above, in this paper I showed the semantic type by the time limitation of the syntax "Y in X", but I will try more detailed analysis on more examples in the future. The final goal is to show the entire variations of "there"．