학술논문
시제와 상에 대한 유형론적 접근
A Typological Study on Tense and Aspect
A Typological Study on Tense and Aspect
Document Type
Article
Source
인문사회 21 / The Journal of Humanities and Social science. Jun 30, 2022 13(3):83
Subject
Language
Korean
English
English
ISSN
2951-049X
Abstract
본 연구는 영어와 다른 주요 언어의 시제와 상을 유형론적으로 비교·연구하는 것이 그 목적이다. 이때 비교할 언어는 영어를 중심으로 독일어, 프랑스어, 중국어이며, 개별 언어의 문법 현상을 분석하는 것에만 그쳤던 이전 연구의 한계를 벗어난 것이다. 본 연구의 첫 번째 주제는 현재 시제의 비현재적 의미 실현에 관한 것이다. 현재시제로 비현재적 의미를 나타내는 현상은 영어뿐만 아니라 다른 언어에서도 쉽게 관찰되었다. 먼저 독일어에서 그 구조와 활용이 영어의 현상과 가장 유사하였으며, 프랑스어에는 시간보어와 함께 근접미래 또는 근접과거까지 나타내고 있다. 고립어인 중국어는 무시제 언어이기 때문에 시제를 표현하는 방식이 이들 언어와 가장 구별되었다. 다음 주제는 영어의 독특한 완료상이 다른 언어에서는 어떻게 실현되는지 비교해 보는 것이다. 영어의 완료상은 과거의 사건이 현재까지 연관되는 것을 표현한다. 프랑스어에서는 복합과거가 이와 가장 유사하고, 독일어 완료상의 경우는 완료적인 의미가 있기는 하지만 주로 단순한 과거시제 대용으로 쓰이고 있다. 중국어는 상을 표현하는 문법적 표지가 발달되어 있지 않다. 본 연구는 개별언어에 한정되었던 연구에서 벗어나 유형론적 시도를 한 점에 의의가 있지만 더 많은 언어를 비교 분석하는 것이 과제로 남아 있다.
The goal of this study is to compare and study the tenses and aspects of English and other major languages based on typology. The languages to be compared are German, French, and Chinese with a focus on English. This study is an attempt to break free from the limitations of previous studies that only analyzed the grammatical phenomena of individual languages. The first topic is about the realization of the non-present meaning of the present tense. The phenomenon of expressing non-present meaning in the present tense was easily observed not only in English but also in other languages. In German, the structure and usage are most similar to those of English, and in French, the near future or the near past is expressed along with the temporal complement. Since Chinese, an isolated language, is a non-tense language, the way of expressing the tense is the most distinct from these languages. The next topic is to compare how the unique English perfects are realized in other languages. In English, the perfect form expresses that an event in the past is related to the present. In French, the compound past is most similar to this, and in the case of the German perfect, although it has a perfect meaning, it is mainly used as a substitute for the simple past tense. In Chinese, grammatical markers to express aspects are not developed. Although this study is meaningful in that it made a typological attempt beyond the study limited to individual languages, comparative analysis of more languages remains a challenge.
The goal of this study is to compare and study the tenses and aspects of English and other major languages based on typology. The languages to be compared are German, French, and Chinese with a focus on English. This study is an attempt to break free from the limitations of previous studies that only analyzed the grammatical phenomena of individual languages. The first topic is about the realization of the non-present meaning of the present tense. The phenomenon of expressing non-present meaning in the present tense was easily observed not only in English but also in other languages. In German, the structure and usage are most similar to those of English, and in French, the near future or the near past is expressed along with the temporal complement. Since Chinese, an isolated language, is a non-tense language, the way of expressing the tense is the most distinct from these languages. The next topic is to compare how the unique English perfects are realized in other languages. In English, the perfect form expresses that an event in the past is related to the present. In French, the compound past is most similar to this, and in the case of the German perfect, although it has a perfect meaning, it is mainly used as a substitute for the simple past tense. In Chinese, grammatical markers to express aspects are not developed. Although this study is meaningful in that it made a typological attempt beyond the study limited to individual languages, comparative analysis of more languages remains a challenge.