학술논문
북한이탈주민의 남한사회 문화적응이 정신건강에 미치는 영향 - 스트레스 대처의 매개효과 -
The Effects of North Korean Defectors' Cultural Adaptation to South Korean Society on Mental Health - The Mediation Effect of Coping with Stress -
The Effects of North Korean Defectors' Cultural Adaptation to South Korean Society on Mental Health - The Mediation Effect of Coping with Stress -
Document Type
Article
Author
Source
사회복지 실천과 연구 / Social Work Practice & Research. Feb 28, 2022 19(1):35
Subject
Language
Korean
ISSN
2093-4130
Abstract
본 연구는 북한이탈주민의 남한사회 문화적응이 정신건강에 미치는 영향을 탐색하고, 문화적응과 정신건강 간에 스트레스 대처의 매개역할을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구대상으로는 서울과 경기도에 거주하는 20세 이상의 북한이탈주민을 대상으로 하였으며, 편의표집방법으로 설문조사를 실시하여, 총 210부의 설문지가 통계분석에 사용되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 북한이탈주민의 문화적응이 정신건강에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 문화적응의 하위유형인 북한문화유지는 우울과 불안을 높이며, 남한문화수용은 우울과 불안을 낮추는 것으로 확인되었다. 둘째, 북한이탈주민의 문화적응과 정신건강 간에 스트레스 대처의 하위요인 중 일부가 매개역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 구체적으로 적극적 대처는 북한문화유지와 정신건강(우울, 불안)에 부분매개 효과를 보였으며, 남한문화수용에서는 불안만이 완전매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 소극적 대처는 문화적응과 정신건강 사이에 매개 역할을 하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 연구결과를 바탕으로 북한이탈주민의 문화적응과 정신건강, 스트레스 대처의 관계를 심도 있게 이해함으로써 그들의 정신건강을 높이기 위한 효율적인 지원 방안을 모색하고 사회복지의 실천적 시사점을 위한 토대를 제공하였다.
In this study, the effects of North Korean defectors’ cultural adaptation to South Korean society on mental health were explored, and the mediating role of coping with stress between cultural adaptation and mental health was examined. The study was conducted on North Korean defectors aged 20 or older living in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province, and surveys were conducted using convenience sampling with a total of 210 questionnaires used for statistical analysis. The results of the study were as follows. First, the cultural adaptation of North Korean defectors was found to affect their mental health, and the maintenance of North Korean culture, which is a subtype of cultural adaptation, was found to increase depression and anxiety, and the acceptance of South Korean culture was confirmed to reduce depression and anxiety. Second, some of the subfactors of coping with stress between cultural adaptation and the mental health of North Korean defectors were found to play a mediating role. Specifically, active coping showed partial mediation effects in maintaining North Korean culture and mental health (depression and anxiety), and only anxiety was found to fully mediate the acceptance of South Korean culture. It was found that passive coping did not play a mediating role between cultural adaptation and mental health. Based on the results of this study, efficient support measures to enhance their mental health were sought by understanding the relationship between North Korean defectors' cultural adaptation, mental health, and coping with stress in depth, and a foundation for the practical implications of social welfare was provided.
In this study, the effects of North Korean defectors’ cultural adaptation to South Korean society on mental health were explored, and the mediating role of coping with stress between cultural adaptation and mental health was examined. The study was conducted on North Korean defectors aged 20 or older living in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province, and surveys were conducted using convenience sampling with a total of 210 questionnaires used for statistical analysis. The results of the study were as follows. First, the cultural adaptation of North Korean defectors was found to affect their mental health, and the maintenance of North Korean culture, which is a subtype of cultural adaptation, was found to increase depression and anxiety, and the acceptance of South Korean culture was confirmed to reduce depression and anxiety. Second, some of the subfactors of coping with stress between cultural adaptation and the mental health of North Korean defectors were found to play a mediating role. Specifically, active coping showed partial mediation effects in maintaining North Korean culture and mental health (depression and anxiety), and only anxiety was found to fully mediate the acceptance of South Korean culture. It was found that passive coping did not play a mediating role between cultural adaptation and mental health. Based on the results of this study, efficient support measures to enhance their mental health were sought by understanding the relationship between North Korean defectors' cultural adaptation, mental health, and coping with stress in depth, and a foundation for the practical implications of social welfare was provided.