학술논문
통일 이후 동독 지역에서의 급진ㆍ극단정당지지 동기 분석 / Motivation of Support for Radical and Extreme Parties in the former GDR since the German Reunification
Document Type
Dissertation/ Thesis
Author
Source
Subject
Language
Korean
Abstract
본 연구는 1990년 통일 이후 독일의 급진ㆍ극단정당에 대한 유권자들의 지지 동기를 살펴보고, 이러한 동기가 중요하게 작용하게 되는 조건이 무엇인가 알아보기 위한 것이다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 좌파당(Die Linke)을 급진적 좌파정당으로, 대안당(AfD)을 급진적 우파정당으로, 민족민주당(NPD)을 극단적 우파정당으로 설정하고, 이러한 급진ㆍ극단정당에 대한 지지가 전국 평균보다 높게 나타나는 구동독 지역을 대상으로 구서독 지역과 투표동기의 차이를 분석하고자 했다. 분석결과, 동ㆍ서독에서 좌우익 급진ㆍ극단 정당을 지지하는 근본적인 원인은 경제적 동기, 항의적 동기, 이념적 동기, 갈등 인식적 동기의 차원에서 동ㆍ서독 간, 정당별로 차이를 나타냈으나, 공통적으로 ‘경제적 동기’가 가장 큰 요인으로 작용하였다. 개인적 요인에서는 특히 교육수준과 실업 상태가 급진ㆍ극단정당 지지에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 교육수준이 높을수록 민족민주당에 대한 지지는 억제되었지만, 반유로 정당이라는 프레임을 앞세우는 대안당 지지에는 교육수준이 높을수록 통계적으로 유의미한 결과를 보였다. 또한, 실업의 경험을 가진 유권자는 동ㆍ서독에서 좌파당을 지지하는 경향이 뚜렷하였지만, 대안당과 민족민주당 지지에는 유의미한 결과를 나타내지 않았다.
This article seeks to examine different motivations of voters for supporting radical and extreme parties in Germany and to observe how such a variable has resulted differently in East and West. Based on the data GESIS-ZA5677 from the Leibniz-Institute for Social Sciences, this article purports to test the following four sets of motivation: economical voting motivation, protest voting motivation, ideological voting motivation, recognitions on conflict voting motivation. Although it is manifestly demonstrated in this paper that voters’ motivation for supporting radical and extreme parties varies to a certain degree depending on a region (East and West) and party (Die Linke, AfD and NPD), this paper also intends to highlight some similarities across the three parties. In doing so, this paper provides statistical evidence that, among different motivations, economical voting motivation has the most powerful influence on voters’ support for radical and extreme parties. It goes further to suggest that individual factors such as voters’ education level and unemployment status have a dramatic effect on their preference for supporting radical and extreme parties. Although the diminished support for the NPD has clearly been observed with voters’ higher level of education, such a factor has proven the increased support for the AfD which resembles the frame of Anti-Euro party. In addition, while unemployed voters from both East and West have particularly shown its pronounced tendency to support the Linke, this analysis has not found any statistically meaningful result in relation to the NPD and AfD.
This article seeks to examine different motivations of voters for supporting radical and extreme parties in Germany and to observe how such a variable has resulted differently in East and West. Based on the data GESIS-ZA5677 from the Leibniz-Institute for Social Sciences, this article purports to test the following four sets of motivation: economical voting motivation, protest voting motivation, ideological voting motivation, recognitions on conflict voting motivation. Although it is manifestly demonstrated in this paper that voters’ motivation for supporting radical and extreme parties varies to a certain degree depending on a region (East and West) and party (Die Linke, AfD and NPD), this paper also intends to highlight some similarities across the three parties. In doing so, this paper provides statistical evidence that, among different motivations, economical voting motivation has the most powerful influence on voters’ support for radical and extreme parties. It goes further to suggest that individual factors such as voters’ education level and unemployment status have a dramatic effect on their preference for supporting radical and extreme parties. Although the diminished support for the NPD has clearly been observed with voters’ higher level of education, such a factor has proven the increased support for the AfD which resembles the frame of Anti-Euro party. In addition, while unemployed voters from both East and West have particularly shown its pronounced tendency to support the Linke, this analysis has not found any statistically meaningful result in relation to the NPD and AfD.