학술논문

초등 고학년 아동이 지각한 부모-자녀관계와 행복감에 관한 연구 / A Study on the Parental Relationship and Happiness Perceived by the Higher Grades of Elementary School Children
Document Type
Dissertation/ Thesis
Source
Subject
부모-자녀관계
행복감
Language
Korean
Abstract
이 연구는 초등학교 고학년의 부모관계를 아버지, 어머니관계로 나누어 각각의 관계가 아동의 행복감에 미치는 영향이 어떠한지 알아보는데 있다. 이와 같은 목적을 달성하기 위하여 다음과 같은 연구문제를 설정하였다. 첫째, 초등학교 고학년 아동이 지각한 부모-자녀관계와 행복감은 어떠한지?둘째, 초등학교 고학년 아동의 성별, 부모의 연령, 부모의 학력에 따라 아동이 지각한 부모관계는 차이가 있는가?셋째, 초등학교 고학년 아동의 성별, 부모의 연령, 부모의 학력에 따라 아동이 지각한 행복감은 차이가 있는가?넷째, 초등학교 고학년 아동이 지각한 부모관계와 아동의 행복감에 상관관계가 있는가?다섯째, 초등학교 고학년 아동이 지각한 부모관계가 행복감에 미치는 영향력은 어떠한가?본 연구의 대상은 M시에 소재한 12개 초등학교 300명 (남 139명, 여 161명)이다. 설문은 부모-자녀관계 설문지, 행복감 설문지로 구성하였다. 연구결과 분석은 SPSS 2.0을 사용하여 기술통계, 상관분석, 회귀분석을 실시 자료처리 하였다. 본 연구에서 얻은 주요 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다.첫째, 부모관계와 행복감 차이를 알아본 결과, 권위. 통제는 부모 모두에게 가장 높게 나타났고, 모 관계에서는 과잉. 기대가 가장 낮은 순위인 반면 부 관계에서는 ‘친밀· 지지’ 가 가장 낮은 순위로 나타났다. 행복감에서는 ‘가정환경’이 가장 높게 나타났다.둘째, 성별, 연령, 학력에 따른 부모관계를 알아본 결과, 성별에서 부모 모두 ‘친밀. 지지’, ‘권위. 통제’, ‘과잉. 기대’. ‘허용. 지원’ 영역에서, 여학생이 남학생보다 더 높게 지각하는 것으로 이중 ‘친밀. 지지’ 제외하고 유의미한 차이가 나타났다.부모 연령에 따른 차이는 부 연령에서 부모 모두 의미 있는 차이가 없게 나타났으며, 모 연령 따라 부모 연령 40대 ‘친밀, 지지’, 모 연령 40대 ‘허용. 지원’, 모 연령 50대 ‘과잉. 기대’에서 가장 높았으며 유의미한 차이가 나타났다.부모 학력에 따른 차이는 부 학력에 따라 부모 관계는 모 학력 대졸 ‘친밀, 지지’, 모 학력 대졸 ‘허용. 지원’에서, 모 학력에 따라 모 학력 대졸 ‘허용. 지원’에서만 유의미한 차이가 나타났다.셋째, 성별, 연령, 학력에 따른 행복감을 알아본 결과, 아동의 성별에서, 자기 존중감, 낙관주의, 가정환경은 여자가 높았으며 친구관계는 남자가 높게 나타났지만 모두 유의미한 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 부모 연령에 따른 차이는 부 연령 30대가 ‘자기 존중감’, ‘낙관주의’, ‘친구관계’, ‘가정환경’ 모두에서 가장 높게 의미 있는 차이가 없게 나타났으며, 모 연령 40대 ‘자기 존중감’, ‘친구관계’, ‘가정환경’에서 모 연령 50대 ‘낙관주의’에서 가장 높았으며 유의미한 차이를 보이지는 않았다.부모 학력에 따른 차이는 부 학력 대졸 ‘자기 존중감’, ‘낙관주의’, ‘친구관계’, ‘가정환경’ 모든 영역에서 가장 높게 유의미한 차이가 나타났으며, 모 학력에 따라 모 학력 대졸 ‘자기 존중감’, ‘가정환경’에서, 모 학력 고졸이하 ‘친구관계’와 ‘낙관주의’에서 높게 나타났지만, 모 학력 대졸 자기존중감에서만 유의미한 차이가 나타났다.넷째, 성별, 연령, 학력에 따른 행복감의 상관관계를 알아본 결과, ‘부 학력’은 ‘행복감 하위변인 ‘자기 존중감’, ‘낙관주의’, ‘친구관계’, ‘가정환경’에서, ‘과잉. 기대’를 제외한 부모관계 하위변인 ‘부모-친밀. 지지’, ‘부모-권위. 통제’, ‘부모-허용. 지원’은 행복감 하위변인 ‘자기 존중감’, ‘낙관주의’, ‘친구관계’, ‘가정환경’에서 정적인 상관관계가 나타났다. 반면 ‘부모-과잉. 기대’는 행복감의 하위요인인 ‘자기 존중감’과 ‘친구관계’에서 정적인 상관관계가 나타나지 않았다. 다섯째, 부모-자녀관계가 전체행복감에 미치는 영향을 알아본 결과, 어머니의 ‘친밀. 지지와 허용. 지원’ 그리고 아버지의 ‘권위. 통제’가 높게 인식할수록 아버지의 ‘과잉. 기대’가 작게 인식할수록 아동의 행복감도 유의하게 높았다. 특히 ‘모-과잉. 기대’는 아동의 행복감에 정적영향력이 있는 반면 ‘부-과잉. 기대’는 아동의 행복감에 부적영향력이 있는 것으로 나타났다.따라서 초등학교 고학년의 행복감을 극대화하기 위해서는, 가정환경의 심리적 환경으로서 부모-자녀관계는 부모 모두의 ‘친밀. 지지’적인 부모-자녀관계가 심리적 역경을 이겨내는 행복감에 가장 큰 영향력이 있다는 사실을 시사한다.
This study investigates how parental relationship of higher grade elementary school children affects happiness. This study analyzed parental relationship by dividing it into father relationship and mother relationship.This study was conducted on 300 students (139 boys, 161 girls) in the sixth grade in twelve elementary schools located in the M city in Jeollanam Province. A survey consisted of questionnaires on relationship of the parents and children was measured using tools developed by Lee Mi Gyung and Kim Sung Hae(2011) and Happiness was measured using Kang Young Ha’s methodology (2008) corrected by Yu Sun Jin(2011). For the analysis of the research results, descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression analysis were carried out using the SPSS 2.0 software package.For this purpose, the following questions were set as research topics.First, what is the interaction between parental relationship and happiness of higher grade elementary school children ?Second, what is the difference of parental relationship of higher grade elementary school children according to children's gender, parents’ age, parents’ education background? Third, what is the difference of happiness of higher grade elementary school children according to children's gender, parents’ age, parents’ education background? Fourth, what is correlation relationship between parental relationship and happiness of higher grade elementary school children ?Fifth, what is the effect between parental relationship and happiness of higher grade elementary school children ?The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, as a result of an analysis of the difference of the parental relationship and happiness, it was revealed that the highest ‘authority and control’, both mother and father relationship, the lowest ‘intimacy and support’ father-relationship, the highest ‘family environment’ in the sub-factors of happiness.Second, as a result of an analysis of the differences of parental relationship according to children's gender, parents’ age, parents’ education background, it was revealed that intimacy and support, authority and control, excessive and expectation, allowance and provision in gender, female students, higher perception than male students, significant differences, both mother and father, 40s, intimacy and support according to father’s age, mother, 40s allowance and provision, mother, 50s excessive and expectation according to mother’s age, mother‘s education background, college, intimacy and support, allowance and provision according to father’s education background, mother’s education background, college, allowance and provision according to mother’s education background.Third, as a result of an analysis of the differences of happiness according to children's gender, parents’ age, parents’ education background, it was revealed that self-esteem, optimism, family environment, female students, higher perception than male students, while relationship with friends, male students, higher perception than female students, no significant differences. the highest, father, 30s, self-esteem, optimism, family environment, relationship with friends, no significant differences according to father’s age, the highest, mother 40s, self-esteem, relationship with friends, friendship, family environment, mother 50s, optimism according to mother’s age, no significant differences, the highest, father’s education background, college, self-esteem, optimism, family environment, relationship with friends, significant differences according to father’s education background. the highest, mother’s education background, college, self-esteem, significant differences, family environment, no significant differences, the highest, mother’s education background, high school, relationship with friends, optimism, no significant differences according to mother’s education background. Fourth, as a result of an analysis of the correlation of happiness and parental relationship, it was revealed that positively correlated with the highest, father’s education background, college, self-esteem, optimism, family environment, relationship with friends according to gender, age, educational background, father, mother intimacy and support, authority and control, allowance and provision excluding excessive and expectation, the whole of happiness, while, self-esteem and relationship with friends was not revealed that correlated with parents' excessive and expectation. Fifth, as a result of an analysis of the effect of happiness and parental relationship, it was revealed that the higher mother ‘intimacy and support’, ‘allowance and provision’ father ‘authority and control’, the lower ‘excessive and expectation’ higher grade elementary school children perceived, the happiness of higher grade elementary school children was also significantly higher, negatively effect with father’s excessive expectations, while positively effect with ‘mother’s excessive expectations, the effect of the parental relationship of higher grade elementary school children on happiness, it was revealed that the most effective parent-child relationship is ‘intimate and support’ interaction of mother of higher grade elementary school children. Therefore, in order to maximize the happiness of higher grade elementary school children, parent-child relationship as mental environment in family environment suggest that intimate and support parental relationship of all of both father and mother is the effect of the happiness to overcome psychological challenges and affect healthy growth and development of higher grade elementary school children.