학술논문
형사법상 유전자정보의 이용 및 보호에 관한 연구 / A Study on the Use and Protection of Gene Information in Criminal Law
Document Type
Dissertation/ Thesis
Author
Source
Subject
Language
Korean
Abstract
유전자란 유전을 일으키는 기본단위를 말한다. 이러한 유전자의 본체가 DNA(Deoxyribonucleric Acid)이다. 유전자정보란 특정 유전자의 다형성(Polymorphism)으로부터 개인 식별기능을 가진 정보를 의미한다. 유럽, 미국 다수의 주와 일본 등 많은 국가들은 유전자정보의 탁월한 개인식별성으로 인한 신속한 수사를 위하여 DNA를 수집하고 사용하고 있다. DNA를 이용한 범죄수사기법은 눈부시게 발전해오고 있다. 이러한 수사기법은 범죄 현장에서 발견된 개인의 혈액, 정액, 타액, 모발, 피부 등의 신체의 일부조직 등의 증거물에서 얻어진 유전자정보를 용의자의 유전자정보와 비교하여 범인을 확인하는 과정을 일컫는다. 1 나노 그램 이하의 물질에서도 인간의 DNA는 검출될 수 있고 이러한 DNA증거는 형사절차에서 강력한 증거로 사용된다. 하지만 DNA의 오남용과 같은 위험성 역시 존재한다. 최근 들어 연쇄살인과 아동성폭력과 같은 흉악범죄가 빈번하게 일어나는 시대상에 비추어, 「디엔에이신원확인정보의 이용 및 보호에 관한 법률」이 2010년 1월 25일 제정되어 동년 7월 26일부터 시행되고 있다. 오랜 진통 끝에 제정되었지만 동법을 바라보는 학계 및 여러 인권단체와 실무 간의 태도는 일치하지 않는다. 유전자정보를 이용한 수사와 유전자정보 데이터베이스는 개인의 프라이버시권 등 중요한 기본권을 제약하는 국가의 확장된 감시체계로 전락할 위험성이 농후하다고 일견 볼 수 있다. 하지만 동법이 이미 입법이 되어 시행되고 있는 이상 본 논문과 학계와 실무에 의해 지적되는 부분을 분명하게 인식하고 이러한 문제점으로 인한 개인의 기본권 침해와 법치국가적 기본원칙의 위반문제를 최소화하는 것도 의미가 있을 것이다. 형사법상 유전자정보를 이용하고 보호함에 있어 가장 본질적으로 검토되어야하는 부분은 개인의 기본권 보호와 형사사법시스템의 효율성일 것이다. 이러한 양 자를 고루 충족시킬 수 있도록 하는 「디엔에이신원확인정보의 이용 및 보호에 관한 법률」의 정비가 본 논문의 궁극적인 지향점이다.
The Gene is a standard unit enabling the heredity and DNA(Deoxyribonucleric Acid) is called the substantiality of a gene. The Gene information is the identification information taken from the particular Polymorphism of one person`s gene. Already many countries, including Europe, some states of U.S, Japan, and so on, have used the gene information and collected the DNA profiles of a criminal for the rapid investigation with the superior ability to identify someone. The criminal investigation techniques using DNA have been developed remarkably. This criminal investigation techniques are made up of the procedures taking genetic information from one person`s blood, sperm, spit, hair, skin and other body tissue in the site of a crime and comparing that of a suspect. It is possible to gain DNA from the material below 1 nanogram in the modern scientific world and DNA proof is regarded the undeniable evidence on the criminal procedure. However, the risk like the abuse or neglecting the maintenance of DNA exists as much. As the latest brutal crimes including child sexual violence occur in succession, 「Act on the Use and Protection of DNA Identification information」 to enable making use of the criminal DNA database was enacted on January 25th, 2010 and has been enforced since July 26th, 2010. But, some academic authorities and civic organizations clame that 「Act on the Use and Protection of DNA Identification information」 has a lot of problems. On the view as constitutional consideration, it concerns that this act does not distinguish between the adult and minors and not provide the relief against the unjustified action of the investigative agency. In addition, it seems that this act takes a unsmooth stand about the applicable object -the crime especially-, the official management responsible for the DNA identification information and the keeping deadline. The investigation using the gene information and the DNA Database can seem like the dangerous way because the risk -the extended surveillance system of nation- always exists. But it is essential to take advantage of the gene information on the criminal investigation. Thus it will be significant to realize some critics to this act and minimize the human rights abuse or violation the the basic principles of a law-governed country. The essential purpose of this study is to examine the problems of 「Act on the Use and Protection of DNA Identification information」 and to suggest the alternative way that is able to mediate between the protection of a person`s right and the efficiency of the criminal procedure.
The Gene is a standard unit enabling the heredity and DNA(Deoxyribonucleric Acid) is called the substantiality of a gene. The Gene information is the identification information taken from the particular Polymorphism of one person`s gene. Already many countries, including Europe, some states of U.S, Japan, and so on, have used the gene information and collected the DNA profiles of a criminal for the rapid investigation with the superior ability to identify someone. The criminal investigation techniques using DNA have been developed remarkably. This criminal investigation techniques are made up of the procedures taking genetic information from one person`s blood, sperm, spit, hair, skin and other body tissue in the site of a crime and comparing that of a suspect. It is possible to gain DNA from the material below 1 nanogram in the modern scientific world and DNA proof is regarded the undeniable evidence on the criminal procedure. However, the risk like the abuse or neglecting the maintenance of DNA exists as much. As the latest brutal crimes including child sexual violence occur in succession, 「Act on the Use and Protection of DNA Identification information」 to enable making use of the criminal DNA database was enacted on January 25th, 2010 and has been enforced since July 26th, 2010. But, some academic authorities and civic organizations clame that 「Act on the Use and Protection of DNA Identification information」 has a lot of problems. On the view as constitutional consideration, it concerns that this act does not distinguish between the adult and minors and not provide the relief against the unjustified action of the investigative agency. In addition, it seems that this act takes a unsmooth stand about the applicable object -the crime especially-, the official management responsible for the DNA identification information and the keeping deadline. The investigation using the gene information and the DNA Database can seem like the dangerous way because the risk -the extended surveillance system of nation- always exists. But it is essential to take advantage of the gene information on the criminal investigation. Thus it will be significant to realize some critics to this act and minimize the human rights abuse or violation the the basic principles of a law-governed country. The essential purpose of this study is to examine the problems of 「Act on the Use and Protection of DNA Identification information」 and to suggest the alternative way that is able to mediate between the protection of a person`s right and the efficiency of the criminal procedure.