학술논문
부동산범죄에 관한 연구 / A Study on Real Estate Crime
Document Type
Dissertation/ Thesis
Source
Subject
Language
Korean
Abstract
부동산범죄란 부동산에 관련된 법익 또는 공공의이익을 침해하는 행위를 말한다. 범죄발생은 부동산에 대한 인식이 하나의 재화로 판단되면서 발생되었다고 볼 수 있다.현대사회에 들어오면서 부동산에 관련된 범죄가 지능화, 전문화, 조직화의 성향을 띠면서 새로운 유형의 형태로 나타난다. 그리고 부동산범죄는 하나의 개인적인 법익상의 문제가 아닌 공공의 이익까지 해할 수 있는 범죄라고 볼 수 있다. 부동산과 관련된 법적인 문제는 일반적으로 민사법적인 해결방안이 1차적으로 나타나겠지만, 별도로 형사법적인 문제로 다루어지고 있다. 부동산의 이중매매 및 이중저당의 경우에 사기와 횡령, 배임의 문제 등이 나타날 수 있고, 사기와 관련하여 소송사기는 법원을 기망하여 권원을 얻는 사기로 일반인이 감당하기에 어려운 문제가 있다.부동산범죄로 인한 문제의 예방 및 해결을 하기 위한 대안으로 다음과 같은 것을 제안한다.첫째, 부동산범죄에 대한 입법적인 개선방안이다. 부동산범죄를 해결하기 위하여는 형법 및 부동산관련법규의 개선이 무엇보다도 중요하다.① 형법적 개선방안으로는 부동산침탈죄의 신설이 필요하다.② 여러 분야에 산재되어 있는 부동산관련 법규의 효율적인 관리가 어렵고, 각 부처별로 이를 해석하는 기준도 달라서 부동산관련 정책에 있어서 혼선을 방지하기 위하여 부동산관련법규의 통·폐합을 제안한다.③ 부동산관련법규의 처벌조항은 다른 형법의 형량보다 가볍게 처벌되어 균형성을 이루어지 못하고 있으므로, 법개정을 통한 형량의 균형성을 찾을 필요가 있다.둘째, 부동산범죄 예방을 위한 제도적 개선방안이다.부동산 관련 서류 중에서 가장 중요하게 여기는 것이 부동산 등기부등본이다. ① 현재의 부동산 등기부등본은 공신력이 배제되어 있으므로 이를 보완하는 제도가 필요하다.② 현재의 부동산등기는 토지와 건물이 따로 등기를 하게 되어있는 만큼 이를 통합할 것을 제안한다.③ 현재는 개업공인중개사가 양당사자를 위하여 권리분석을 하지만, 개업공인중개사의 권리분석은 자신에게 유리한 방향으로 권리분석이 될 가능성이 있고, 숨은 하자의 발견에 대한 어려움이 발생하므로, 부동산 매매시에 피해예방을 위해 부동산권리분석사제도를 공인화 할 것을 제안한다.셋째, 부동산범죄의 제도적예방으로 부동산의 개발업의 등록에서부터 관리 및 처분에 이르기까지 행정기관의 검·인증제도를 도입하는 방안이다. 그리고, 국가의 부동산정책의 일관성이다. 국가가 부동산에 관한 정책을 경제정책의 일환으로 보지않고 시장경제와 계획경제가 조율된 정책수립이 이루어지고, 개발이익환수제도가 시행된다면 현재 발생하고 있는 부동산범죄를 방지하는 데 있어서 무엇보다도 중요한 역할을 할 것이다.
Real estate crime refers to the infringement of the law or public interests related to real estate. The crime was recognized since real estate started to be considered as an asset.Crimes related to the real estate have become more intelligent, specialized, and organized in the modern society. Therefore, new types of real estate crime have emerged. Moreover, real estate crimes are crimes harm public interests as well as the personal legal rights.Legal issues related to the real estate are generally resolved at the civil court on the first hand, but they are also handled at the criminal court. Double sale or double mortgage of the real estate are associated with fraud, embezzlement, and malpractice. Moreover, fraud lawsuit is a fraud to obtain a title by deceiving the court, so it is very hard for a person to handle.The followings are proposed as counter plans to prevent and resolve problems associated with real estate crimes.The first is a legislative improvement measure against the real estate crime.In order to resolve the real estate crime, improvement in criminal laws and real estate related laws is the important issue.① Real estate usurpation should be newly created as an improvement measure of criminal law.② I propose to combine and rearrange laws and regulations related to the real estate to minimize confusion, because they are scattered in various fields to make it hard to efficiently manage them and each ministry has different criteria to interpret them.③ Punishment clauses of the real estate related laws and regulations are relatively light, so they do not have good balance with other type of laws and regulations. It is required to amend them to find a good balance.The second is the institutional improvement plan to prevent real estate crimes.The most important legal document related to the real estate is a certified copy of real estate register.① The current certified copy of real estate register does not have public confidence, so it is required to have a system to complement it.② The current certified copy of real estate register asks to register land and building separately. I propose o combine them.③ I propose to approve the real estate deed analyzer system to prevent potential harm in selling or buying a real estate. The current system allows a realtor to analyze deed for both parties. However, a realtor can analyze it to benefit him/her and it is hard to find any defects in this process.The third is to introduce a screening system and a certificate system, which can be approved by an administrative agency, as preventative measures of real estate crimes. These systems cover the registry, management, and sales of real estate. Moreover, the real estate policy of a country should be consistent. It is the important in preventing current real estate crimes of a country to establish policies balancing the market economy and planned economy, to conduct a betterment recapture system, and not to treat the real estate policy as a part of the economic policy.
Real estate crime refers to the infringement of the law or public interests related to real estate. The crime was recognized since real estate started to be considered as an asset.Crimes related to the real estate have become more intelligent, specialized, and organized in the modern society. Therefore, new types of real estate crime have emerged. Moreover, real estate crimes are crimes harm public interests as well as the personal legal rights.Legal issues related to the real estate are generally resolved at the civil court on the first hand, but they are also handled at the criminal court. Double sale or double mortgage of the real estate are associated with fraud, embezzlement, and malpractice. Moreover, fraud lawsuit is a fraud to obtain a title by deceiving the court, so it is very hard for a person to handle.The followings are proposed as counter plans to prevent and resolve problems associated with real estate crimes.The first is a legislative improvement measure against the real estate crime.In order to resolve the real estate crime, improvement in criminal laws and real estate related laws is the important issue.① Real estate usurpation should be newly created as an improvement measure of criminal law.② I propose to combine and rearrange laws and regulations related to the real estate to minimize confusion, because they are scattered in various fields to make it hard to efficiently manage them and each ministry has different criteria to interpret them.③ Punishment clauses of the real estate related laws and regulations are relatively light, so they do not have good balance with other type of laws and regulations. It is required to amend them to find a good balance.The second is the institutional improvement plan to prevent real estate crimes.The most important legal document related to the real estate is a certified copy of real estate register.① The current certified copy of real estate register does not have public confidence, so it is required to have a system to complement it.② The current certified copy of real estate register asks to register land and building separately. I propose o combine them.③ I propose to approve the real estate deed analyzer system to prevent potential harm in selling or buying a real estate. The current system allows a realtor to analyze deed for both parties. However, a realtor can analyze it to benefit him/her and it is hard to find any defects in this process.The third is to introduce a screening system and a certificate system, which can be approved by an administrative agency, as preventative measures of real estate crimes. These systems cover the registry, management, and sales of real estate. Moreover, the real estate policy of a country should be consistent. It is the important in preventing current real estate crimes of a country to establish policies balancing the market economy and planned economy, to conduct a betterment recapture system, and not to treat the real estate policy as a part of the economic policy.