학술논문
이형록 책가도의 특징과 고색복원모사 연구 : -국립중앙박물관소장 이형록 책가도 덕수 6004를 중심으로 - / A study on the features of Yi Hyeong-rok's Chaekgado and the antique color restoration - Focusing on Yi Hyeong-rok's Chaekgado Deoksu 6004 held in the National Museum of Korea -
Document Type
Dissertation/ Thesis
Author
Source
Subject
Language
Korean
Abstract
예로부터 아는 것이 힘이었다. 문치주의 조선사회에서 ‘책(冊)’은 입신양명(立身揚名)의 필수 조건이자 특권층의 전유물이었다. 조선의 선비들은 책과 글을 통해 자신을 닦아 나라에 이바지 하는 것을 최고의 영예로 여겼다. 즉, ‘책’으로 통하는 길은 ‘공명(功名)’으로 이어지는 통로였을 것이다. 조선후기, 시장경제가 발달하고 중인들의 경제력이 커지면서 그들이 사회에 미치는 영향도 커졌다. 대청(對淸)무역이 활발해지면서 역관(譯官)들은 새로운 경향을 조선에 전달하였고 화원(畵員)들은 서양에서 유입된 신문물과 기법 등으로 새로운 탐구심을 부추겼다. 그와 함께 내제된 열망을 표출하는 방식이 사치풍조현상으로 나타났다. 문방청완(文房淸玩)과 고동기古銅器 등 사치품을 수집하는 문화가 바로 그것인데 조선시대 유교 관념 중 ‘완물상지(玩物喪志)’의 개념에 반하는 새로운 경향이었다. 궁중장식화로 정조에 의해 제작된 서가(書架) 속 책 중심의 책가도 이전에 이미 영조 대에 청의 수입사치품 시장인 유리창(流璃廠)을 통해서 청의 서가도(書架圖)가 유입되어 그 영향을 받았다. 청의 영향과 조선시대의 학문숭상이 결합되어 책으로 ‘입신(立身)’을, 사치품으로 ‘부귀(富貴)’를 표현하는 조선만의 책거리 양식이 탄생하였다. 이런 가치관과 사회 변화상을 극명하게 보여주는 그림인 만큼 회화사적 측면에서도 의미 있는 연구의 대상이 되고 있다. 본고는 조선후기 유행했던 책가도의 일반적인 이해를 바탕으로 조선후기 화원화가 이형록(李亨綠)의 의 고색복원모사를 통해 표현기법의 특성을 연구한 것이다. 책가도에 대한 유래, 어원, 분류 및 변화 양상과 같은 이론적 특성 들은 현재까지 활발히 연구 되어왔다. 이에 반해 책가도의 안료적 특성에 따른 제작 기법과 회화적 특성연구는 미미한 상태이다. 책가도는 조선후기 청으로부터 유입된 투시도법과 음영법을 적용하여 근대로 넘어가는 과도기적 표현기법을 내제하고 있는 만큼 모사연구를 통해 기법의 변화양상을 분석해 나가는 것이 필요하다. 모사는 회화문화재의 복원과 보존을 위해 가장 기초적인 방법이며 긴 역사를 가진 방법이다. 본 고에서는 당시의 책가도와 관련된 선행연구를 살펴보고 자료수집 및 실견조사를 진행하였으며 사전 자료수집의 내용을 토대로 모사재현 하는 과정을 기록하였다. 회화문화재의 중요한 형태인 책가도의 보존과 전승에 본고가 조금이나마 기여할 것을 희망한다.
From the past, it has always been that knowledge is power. The"book" in the civil administrated Joseon society was a prerequisite forthe rise of the name and gain fame in the world and was the exclusiveproperty of the privileged class. The classical scholars in Joseonconsidered it the highest honor to train themselves and contribute tothe country through books and texts. That is to say, the path leadingto the "book" must have been the passage leading to the "gloriousname". In the latter half of Joseon, as the economic power ofmiddle-aged people with a well-developed market economy increased,their impact on society also increased. Along with the active tradewith Qing, Yeokgwan(譯官) conveyed new trends to Joseon, andHwawon (畵員) fueled a new quest with new cultural artifacts andtechniques that flowed from the West. In line with such trends, amethod of expressing the inner aspirations emerged as a luxury trendphenomenon. The culture of collecting luxury items such asMunbangcheongwan(文房淸婉) and Godonggi(古銅器) is exactly that, but- i -it was a new tendency contrary to the concept of ‘Wanmulsangji(玩物喪志)’ in the Confucian idea of the Joseon era. It would have beeninfluenced by the influx of Seogado(書架圖) of Qing through Yurichang(流璃廠), which is the luxury imported market of the reign of KingYoungjo, even before Chaekgado, the bookshelf, which was made byKing Jeongjo as the court decoration painting. The influence of theQing dynasty and the scholarly veneration of the Joseon era werecombined to create a culture of celebrating books that were expressed'succession in life(立身)’ with books and 'richness(富貴)'' with luxuryitems. Since it is a picture that clearly shows such values and socialchanges, it has been the subject of meaningful research in terms ofthe history of painting.This study is on the feature of expression technique through theantique color restoration of byYi Hyeong-rok(李亨綠), a painter in the latter half of Joseon based ona general understanding of the Chaekgado, which was popular in thelatter half of Joseon.Theoretical features such as origin, source, classification and aspectof change for the Chaekgado have been actively studied until now.While the theoretical features have been actively studied, therestoration and copying studies of Chaekgado have not been activelyconducted yet. Since Chaekgado contains a transitional expressiontechnique that shifts to the modern age by applying the incompleteperspective projection method and the shading method in the latter halfof Joseon, it is necessary to analyze the change aspect of thetechnique through copying.Copying is the most basic and long-established method for therestoration and preservation of painting cultural assets. This paperexamined the preceding researches on Chaekgado of the time, carriedout the collection of materials and the actual inspection followed bythe recording of the process of copying and reproducing based on the- ii -contents of the preliminary materials collection. It is hoped that thisstudy would contribute as much as possible to the preservation andtransmission of Chaekgado, which is an important form of paintingcultural assets.
From the past, it has always been that knowledge is power. The"book" in the civil administrated Joseon society was a prerequisite forthe rise of the name and gain fame in the world and was the exclusiveproperty of the privileged class. The classical scholars in Joseonconsidered it the highest honor to train themselves and contribute tothe country through books and texts. That is to say, the path leadingto the "book" must have been the passage leading to the "gloriousname". In the latter half of Joseon, as the economic power ofmiddle-aged people with a well-developed market economy increased,their impact on society also increased. Along with the active tradewith Qing, Yeokgwan(譯官) conveyed new trends to Joseon, andHwawon (畵員) fueled a new quest with new cultural artifacts andtechniques that flowed from the West. In line with such trends, amethod of expressing the inner aspirations emerged as a luxury trendphenomenon. The culture of collecting luxury items such asMunbangcheongwan(文房淸婉) and Godonggi(古銅器) is exactly that, but- i -it was a new tendency contrary to the concept of ‘Wanmulsangji(玩物喪志)’ in the Confucian idea of the Joseon era. It would have beeninfluenced by the influx of Seogado(書架圖) of Qing through Yurichang(流璃廠), which is the luxury imported market of the reign of KingYoungjo, even before Chaekgado, the bookshelf, which was made byKing Jeongjo as the court decoration painting. The influence of theQing dynasty and the scholarly veneration of the Joseon era werecombined to create a culture of celebrating books that were expressed'succession in life(立身)’ with books and 'richness(富貴)'' with luxuryitems. Since it is a picture that clearly shows such values and socialchanges, it has been the subject of meaningful research in terms ofthe history of painting.This study is on the feature of expression technique through theantique color restoration of byYi Hyeong-rok(李亨綠), a painter in the latter half of Joseon based ona general understanding of the Chaekgado, which was popular in thelatter half of Joseon.Theoretical features such as origin, source, classification and aspectof change for the Chaekgado have been actively studied until now.While the theoretical features have been actively studied, therestoration and copying studies of Chaekgado have not been activelyconducted yet. Since Chaekgado contains a transitional expressiontechnique that shifts to the modern age by applying the incompleteperspective projection method and the shading method in the latter halfof Joseon, it is necessary to analyze the change aspect of thetechnique through copying.Copying is the most basic and long-established method for therestoration and preservation of painting cultural assets. This paperexamined the preceding researches on Chaekgado of the time, carriedout the collection of materials and the actual inspection followed bythe recording of the process of copying and reproducing based on the- ii -contents of the preliminary materials collection. It is hoped that thisstudy would contribute as much as possible to the preservation andtransmission of Chaekgado, which is an important form of paintingcultural assets.