학술논문
Defining failed induction of labor
Document Type
Report
Author
Grobman, William A.; Bailit, Jennifer; Lai, Yinglei; Reddy, Uma M.; Wapner, Ronald J.; Varner, Michael W.; Thorp, John M., Jr.; Leveno, Kenneth J.; Caritis, Steve N.; Prasad, Mona; Tita, Alan T.N.; Saade, George; Sorokin, Yoram; Rouse, Dwight J.; Blackwell, Sean C.; Tolosa, Jorge E.; Mallett, G.; Ramos-Brinson, M.; Roy, A.; Stein, L.; Campbell, P.; Collins, C.; Jackson, N.; Dinsmoor, M.; Senka, J.; Paychek, K.; Peaceman, A.; Talucci, M.; Zylfijaj, M.; Reid, Z.; Leed, R.; Benson, J.; Forester, S.; Kitto, C.; Davis, S.; Falk, M.; Perez, C.; Hill, K.; Sowles, A.; Postma, J.; Alexander, S.; Andersen, G.; Scott, V.; Morby, V.; Jolley, K.; Miller, J.; Berg, B.; Dorman, K.; Mitchell, J.; Kaluta, E.; Clark, K.; Spicer, K.; Timlin, S.; Wilson, K.; Moseley, L.; Santillan, M.; Price, J.; Buentipo, K.; Bludau, V.; Thomas, T.; Fay, L.; Melton, C.; Kingsbery, J.; Benezue, R.; Simhan, H.; Bickus, M.; Fischer, D.; Kamon, T.; DeAngelis, D.; Mercer, B.; Milluzzi, C.; Dalton, W.; Dotson, T.; McDonald, P.; Brezine, C.; McGrail, A.; Latimer, C.; Guzzo, L.; Johnson, F.; Gerwig, L.; Fyffe, S.; Loux, D.; Frantz, S.; Cline, D.; Wylie, S.; Iams, J.; Wallace, M.; Northen, A.; Grant, J.; Colquitt, C.; Rouse, D.; Andrews, W.; Moss, J.; Salazar, A.; Acosta, A.; Hankins, G.; Hauff, N.; Palmer, L.; Lockhart, P.; Driscoll, D.; Wynn, L.; Sudz, C.; Dengate, D.; Girard, C.; Field, S.; Breault, P.; Smith, F.; Annunziata, N.; Allard, D.; Silva, J.; Gamage, M.; Hunt, J.; Tillinghast, J.; Corcoran, N.; Jimenez, M.; Ortiz, F.; Givens, P.; Rech, B.; Moran, C.; Hutchinson, M.; Spears, Z.; Carreno, C.; Heaps, B.; Zamora, G.; Seguin, J.; Rincon, M.; Snyder, J.; Farrar, C.; Lairson, E.; Bonino, C.; Smith, W.; Beach, K.; Van Dyke, S.; Butcher, S.; Thom, E.; Rice, M.; Zhao, Y.; McGee, P.; Momirova, V.; Palugod, R.; Reamer, B.; Larsen, M.; Spong, C.; Tolivaisa, S.; Van Dorsten, J.P.
Source
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Jan 2018, Vol. 218 Issue 1, 122.e1
Subject
Language
English
ISSN
0002-9378
Abstract
Key words labor induction; latent phase; outcomes Background While there are well-accepted standards for the diagnosis of arrested active-phase labor, the definition of a "failed" induction of labor remains less certain. One approach to diagnosing a failed induction is based on the duration of the latent phase. However, a standard for the minimum duration that the latent phase of a labor induction should continue, absent acute maternal or fetal indications for cesarean delivery, remains lacking. Objective The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes as a function of the duration of the latent phase among nulliparous women undergoing labor induction. Study Design This study is based on data from an obstetric cohort of women delivering at 25 US hospitals from 2008 through 2011. Nulliparous women who had a term singleton gestation in the cephalic presentation were eligible for this analysis if they underwent a labor induction. Consistent with prior studies, the latent phase was determined to begin once cervical ripening had ended, oxytocin was initiated, and rupture of membranes had occurred, and was determined to end once 5-cm dilation was achieved. The frequencies of cesarean delivery, as well as of adverse maternal (eg, postpartum hemorrhage, chorioamnionitis) and perinatal (eg, a composite frequency of seizures, sepsis, bone or nerve injury, encephalopathy, or death) outcomes, were compared as a function of the duration of the latent phase (analyzed with time both as a continuous measure and categorized in 3-hour increments). Results A total of 10,677 women were available for analysis. In the vast majority (96.4%) of women, the active phase had been reached by 15 hours. The longer the duration of a woman's latent phase, the greater her chance of ultimately undergoing a cesarean delivery (P 40% of women whose latent phase lasted [greater than or equal to]18 hours still had a vaginal delivery. Several maternal morbidities, such as postpartum hemorrhage (P < .001) and chorioamnionitis (P < .001), increased in frequency as the length of latent phase increased. Conversely, the frequencies of most adverse perinatal outcomes were statistically stable over time. Conclusion The large majority of women undergoing labor induction will have entered the active phase by 15 hours after oxytocin has started and rupture of membranes has occurred. Maternal adverse outcomes become statistically more frequent with greater time in the latent phase, although the absolute increase in frequency is relatively small. These data suggest that cesarean delivery should not be undertaken during the latent phase prior to at least 15 hours after oxytocin and rupture of membranes have occurred. The decision to continue labor beyond this point should be individualized, and may take into account factors such as other evidence of labor progress.