부산대학교 도서관

Keywords: Myelin water atlas; brain; myelin water fraction; white matter; multiple sclerosis ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Myelin water imaging (MWI) is a magnetic resonance imaging technique that quantifies myelin in-vivo. Although MWI has been extensively applied to study myelin-related diseases in groups, clinical use in individual patients is challenging mainly due to population heterogeneity. The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) create a normative brain myelin water atlas depicting the population mean and regional variability of myelin content; and (2) apply the myelin atlas to assess the degree of demyelination in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS 3T MWI was performed on 50 healthy adults (25 M/25 F, mean age 25 years [range 17-42 years]). The myelin water atlas was created by averaging coregistered myelin water fraction (MWF) maps from all healthy individuals. To illustrate the preliminary utility of the atlas, white matter (WM) regional MWF variations were evaluated and voxel-wise z-score maps (z < -1.96) from the MWI of three MS participants were produced to assess individually the degree of demyelination. RESULTS The myelin water atlas demonstrated significant MWF variation across control WM. No significant MWF differences were found between male and female healthy participants. MS z-score maps revealed diffuse regions of demyelination in the two participants with Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) = 2.0 but not in the participant with EDSS = 0. CONCLUSIONS The myelin water atlas can be used as a reference (URL: https://sourceforge.net/projects/myelin-water-atlas/) to demonstrate areas of demyelination in individual MS participants. Future studies will expand the atlas age range, account for education, and other variables that may affect myelination. Article Note: Acknowledgments and Disclosures: We thank the study participants and the excellent MRI technologists at the UBC MRI Research Centre. Funding support was provided by the Multiple Sclerosis Society of Canada, and Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Discovery Grant. Hanwen Liu, Cristina Rubino, Adam V. Dvorak, Michael Jarrett, Irene M. Vavasour, and Lisa E. Lee have no disclosures. Emil Ljungberg is in receipt of a PhD studentship jointly funded by General Electric (GE) Healthcare and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London. The views expressed are those of the author and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR, or the Department of Health and Social Care. Shannon H. Kolind receives research funding from Roche, Genzyme, the Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, the Milan & Maureen Ilich Foundation, the Multiple Sclerosis Society of Canada, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, and the Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research. Erin L. MacMillan receives salary support from Philips Canada. Anthony Traboulsee has received research grants from the MS Society of Canada and honoraria from Biogen, Chugai, Sanofi Genzyme, Roche, Teva Neurosciences, and EMD Serono not related to this analysis. Donna J. Lang has received primary operating grant funding from The Canadian Institutes for Health Research, The Provincial Health Services of Authority of British Columbia, The Mind Foundation of British Columbia, The Yeung Foundation of Hong Kong, and The British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute. Alexander Rauscher is supported by Canada Research Chairs and has received funding from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council and the National MS Society. David K.B. Li has received research funding from the Canadian Institute of Health Research and Multiple Sclerosis Society of Canada. He is the Emeritus Director of the UBC MS/MRI Research Group, which has been contracted to perform central analysis of MRI scans for therapeutic trials with Novartis, Perceptives, Roche, and Sanofi-Aventis. The UBC MS/MRI Research Group has also received grant support for investigator-initiated independent studies from Genzyme, Merck-Serono, Novartis, and Roche. He has acted as a consultant to Vertex Pharmaceuticals and served on the Data and Safety Advisory Board for Opexa Therapeutics and Scientific Advisory Boards for Adelphi Group, Novartis, and Roche. He has also given lectures that have been supported by nonrestricted education grants from Novartis and Biogen. Alexander L. MacKay has received funding from the Multiple Sclerosis Society of Canada and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council to collect portions of the data contained in this manuscript. Lara A. Boyd has received funding from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research CIHR MOP 13026 CIHR MOP 130269) and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (RPGN 04154) to collect portions of the data contained in this manuscript. John L.K. Kramer receives research funding from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. Cornelia Laule receives research funding from the Multiple Sclerosis Society of Canada and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. Byline: Hanwen Liu, Cristina Rubino, Adam V. Dvorak,Michael Jarrett,Emil Ljungberg, Irene M. Vavasour,Lisa Eunyoung Lee,Shannon H. Kolind,Erin L. MacMillan,Anthony Traboulsee,Donna J. Lang,Alexander Rauscher,David K.B. Li, Alexander L. MacKay, Lara A. Boyd, John L.K. Kramer,Cornelia Laule