학술논문
Into the Shadows and Back into Sunlight: Photosynthesis in Fluctuating Light
Document Type
Academic Journal
Author
Source
Annual Review of Plant Biology. Annual, 2022, Vol. 73, p617, 32 p.
Subject
Language
English
ISSN
1543-5008
Abstract
Byline: Stephen P. Long; Samuel H. Taylor, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom; Steven J. Burgess, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA; email: slong@illinois.edu; Elizabete Carmo-Silva, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom; Tracy Lawson, School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom; Amanda P. De Souza, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA; email: slong@illinois.edu; Lauriebeth Leonelli; Yu Wang, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA; email: slong@illinois.edu Keywords: photosynthesis, crop productivity, nonphotochemical quenching, Rubisco, stomata, photosynthetic induction, genetic engineering, crop breeding Abstract Photosynthesis is an important remaining opportunity for further improvement in the genetic yield potential of our major crops. Measurement, analysis, and improvement of leaf CO.sub.2 assimilation (A) have focused largely on photosynthetic rates under light-saturated steady-state conditions. However, in modern crop canopies of several leaf layers, light is rarely constant, and the majority of leaves experience marked light fluctuations throughout the day. It takes several minutes for photosynthesis to regain efficiency in both sun-shade and shade-sun transitions, costing a calculated 10-40% of potential crop CO.sub.2 assimilation. Transgenic manipulations to accelerate the adjustment in sun-shade transitions have already shown a substantial productivity increase in field trials. Here, we explore means to further accelerate these adjustments and minimize these losses through transgenic manipulation, gene editing, and exploitation of natural variation. Measurement andanalysis of photosynthesis in sun-shade and shade-sun transitions are explained. Factors limiting speeds of adjustment and how they could be modified to effect improved efficiency are reviewed, specifically nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ), Rubisco activation, and stomatal responses.