학술논문
The role of tyk2 in regulation of breast cancer growth
Document Type
Report
Author
Source
Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research. September 1, 2011, Vol. 31 Issue 9, p671, 7 p.
Subject
Language
English
ISSN
1079-9907
Abstract
Introduction Deregulated activation of the Jak/Stat pathway has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many cancers. The growth of these malignancies is often associated with promiscuous phosphorylation of Stat3 and [...]
The antigrowth and immunomodulatory actions of interferons (IFNs) have enabled these cytokines to be used therapeutically for the treatment of a variety of hematologic and solid malignancies. IFNs exert their effects by activation of the Jak/Stat signaling pathway. IFNγ stimulates the tyrosine kinases Jak1 and Jak2, resulting in activation of the Stat1 transcription factor, whereas type 1 IFNs (IFNα/β) activate Jak1 and Tyk2, which mediate their effects through Stat1 and Stat2. Disruption in the expression of IFNγ, IFNα receptors, or Stat1 inhibits antitumor responses and blunt cancer immunosurveillance in mice. Mutations in Jak2 or constitutive activation of Jak1 or Jak2 also promote the development of a variety of malignancies. Although there are data indicating that Tyk2 plays a role in the pathogenesis of lymphomas, the effects of Tyk2 expression on tumorigenesis are unknown. We report here that [Tyk2.sup.-/-] mice inoculated with 4T1 breast cancer cells show enhanced tumor growth and metastasis compared to [Tyk2.sup.+/+] animals. Accelerated growth of 4T1 cells in [Tyk2.sup.-/-] animals does not appear to be due to decreased function of [CD4.sup.+], [CD8.sup.+] T cells, or NK cells. Rather, the tumor suppresive effects of Tyk2 are mediated at least in part by myeloid-derived suppressor cells, which appear to be more effective in inhibiting T cell responses in [Tyk2.sup.-/-] mice. Our results provide the first evidence for a role of Tyk2 in suppressing the growth and metastasis of breast cancer.
The antigrowth and immunomodulatory actions of interferons (IFNs) have enabled these cytokines to be used therapeutically for the treatment of a variety of hematologic and solid malignancies. IFNs exert their effects by activation of the Jak/Stat signaling pathway. IFNγ stimulates the tyrosine kinases Jak1 and Jak2, resulting in activation of the Stat1 transcription factor, whereas type 1 IFNs (IFNα/β) activate Jak1 and Tyk2, which mediate their effects through Stat1 and Stat2. Disruption in the expression of IFNγ, IFNα receptors, or Stat1 inhibits antitumor responses and blunt cancer immunosurveillance in mice. Mutations in Jak2 or constitutive activation of Jak1 or Jak2 also promote the development of a variety of malignancies. Although there are data indicating that Tyk2 plays a role in the pathogenesis of lymphomas, the effects of Tyk2 expression on tumorigenesis are unknown. We report here that [Tyk2.sup.-/-] mice inoculated with 4T1 breast cancer cells show enhanced tumor growth and metastasis compared to [Tyk2.sup.+/+] animals. Accelerated growth of 4T1 cells in [Tyk2.sup.-/-] animals does not appear to be due to decreased function of [CD4.sup.+], [CD8.sup.+] T cells, or NK cells. Rather, the tumor suppresive effects of Tyk2 are mediated at least in part by myeloid-derived suppressor cells, which appear to be more effective in inhibiting T cell responses in [Tyk2.sup.-/-] mice. Our results provide the first evidence for a role of Tyk2 in suppressing the growth and metastasis of breast cancer.