학술논문
Nuclear organization and morphology of cholinergic, putative catecholaminergic and serotonergic neurons in the brain of the Cape porcupine (Hystrix africaeaustralis): Increased brain size does not lead to increased organizational complexity
Document Type
Report
Source
Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy. Sept, 2008, Vol. 36 Issue 1, p33, 20 p.
Subject
Language
English
ISSN
0891-0618
Abstract
To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jchemneu.2008.03.007 Byline: Aude'Marie Limacher (a), Adhil Bhagwandin (a), Kjell Fuxe (b), Paul R. Manger (a) Keywords: Acetylcholinesterase; Tyrosine hydroxylase; Serotonin; Evolution; Mammal; Rodent; Neural systems Abbreviations: III, oculomotor nucleus; Vmot, motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve; VI, abducens nucleus; VIId, facial nerve nucleus, dorsal division; VIIv, facial nerve nucleus, ventral division; X, dorsal motor vagus nucleus; XII, hypoglossal nucleus; 3V, third ventricle; 4V, fourth ventricle; A1, caudal ventrolateral medullary tegmental nucleus; A2, caudal dorsomedial medullary nucleus; A4, dorsal medial division of locus coeruleus; A5, fifth arcuate nucleus; A6d, diffuse portion of locus coeruleus; A7d, nucleus subcoeruleus, diffuse portion; A7sc, nucleus subcoeruleus, compact portion; A8, retrorubral nucleus; A9l, substantia nigra, lateral; A9m, substantia nigra, medial; A9pc, substantia nigra, pars compacta; A9v, substantia nigra, ventral or pars reticulata; A10, ventral tegmental area; A10c, ventral tegmental area, central; A10d, ventral tegmental area, dorsal; A10dc, ventral tegmental area, dorsal caudal; A11, caudal diencephalic group; A12, tuberal cell group; A13, zona incerta; A14, rostral periventricular nucleus; A15d, anterior hypothalamic group, dorsal division; A15v, anterior hypothalamic group, ventral division; A16, catecholaminergic neurons of the olfactory bulb; ac, anterior commissure; Amyg, amygdala; AP, area postrema; B9, supralemniscal serotonergic nucleus; C, caudate nucleus; C.tail, tail of caudate nucleus; C1, rostral ventrolateral medullary tegmental group; C2, rostral dorsomedial medullary nucleus; C3, rostral dorsal midline medullary group; C/P, caudate and putamen nuclei; ca, cerebral aqueduct; Cb, cerebellum; cc, corpus callosum; Cl, claustrum; CLi, caudal linear nucleus; CN, cerebellar nuclei; CVL, caudal ventrolateral serotonergic group; Cu, cuneate nucleus; CO, cochlear nuclei; Diag.B, diagonal band of Broca; DR, dorsal raphe; DRc, dorsal raphe nucleus, caudal division; DRd, dorsal raphe nucleus, dorsal division; DRif, dorsal raphe nucleus, interfascicular division; DRl, dorsal raphe nucleus, lateral division; DRv, dorsal raphe nucleus, ventral division; DRp, dorsal raphe nucleus, peripheral division; DT, dorsal thalamus; ECu, external cuneate nucleus; EW, Edinger-Westphal nucleus; f, fornix; fGr, fasciculus gracilis; fCu, fasciculus cuneatus; fr, fasciculus retroflexus; GC, periaqueductal grey matter; GP, globus pallidus; GLD, dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus; GLV, ventral lateral geniculate nucleus; Gr, gracile nucleus; Hbm, medial habenular nucleus; Hbl, lateral habenular nucleus; Hip, hippocampus; Hyp, hypothalamus; Hyp.d, dorsal hypothalamic cholinergic nucleus; Hyp.l, lateral hypothalamic cholinergic nucleus; Hyp.v, ventral hypothalamic cholinergic nucleus; IC, inferior colliculus; ic, internal capsule; icp, inferior cerebellar peduncle; io, inferior olivary nuclei; IP, interpeduncular nucleus; Is.Call/TOL, Islands of Calleja and olfactory tubercule; LDT, laterodorsal tegmental nucleus; LV, lateral ventricle; MnR, median raphe nucleus; N.Acc, nucleus accumbens; N.Amb, nucleus ambiguus; N.Bas, nucleus basalis; NEO, neocortex; OB, olfactory bulb; oc, optic chiasm; ot, optic tract; P, putamen nucleus; PBg, parabigeminal nucleus; PC, cerebral peduncle; pc, posterior commissure; pg, pineal gland; PIR, piriform cortex; PPT, pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus; pVII, preganglionic motor neurons of the superior salivatory nucleus or facial nerve; pIX, preganglionic motor neurons of the inferior salivatory nucleus; py, pyramidal tract; pyx, decussation of pyramidal tracts; R, thalamic reticular nucleus; REL, lateral reticular nucleus; Rmc, red nucleus, magnocellular division; RMg, raphe magnus nucleus; ROb, raphe obscurus nucleus; RPa, raphe pallidus nucleus; RVL, rostral ventrolateral serotonergic group; SC, superior colliculus; scp, superior cerebellar peduncle; Sep.M, medial septal nucleus; sfo, subfornical organ; SON, superior olivary nucleus; Sub, subiculum; TOL, olfactory tubercle; vh, ventral horn; Vmes, fifth mesencephalic nucleus; Vn, trigeminal nerve; VPO, ventral pons Abstract: The distribution, morphology and nuclear organization of the cholinergic, putative catecholaminergic and serotonergic systems within the brain of the Cape porcupine (Hystrix africaeaustralis) were identified following immunohistochemistry for choline acetyltransferase, tyrosine hydroxylase and serotonin. The aim of the present study was to investigate possible differences in the complement of nuclear subdivisions of these systems in the Cape porcupine in comparison with previous studies of these systems in other rodents. The Cape porcupine is the largest rodent in which these systems have been examined and has an adult body mass of 10-24kg and an average brain mass of approximately 37g, around 15 times larger than the laboratory rat. The Cape porcupines were taken from the wild and while these differences, especially that of mass, may lead to the prediction of a significant difference in the nuclear organization or number within these systems, all the nuclei observed in all three systems in the laboratory rat and in other rodents had direct homologues in the brain of the Cape porcupine. Moreover, there were no additional nuclei in the brain of the Cape porcupine that are not found in the laboratory rat or other rodents studied and vice versa. It is noted that the medial septal nucleus of the Cape porcupine appeared qualitatively to have a reduced number of neurons in comparison to the laboratory rat and other rodents. The locus coeruleus of the laboratory rat differs in location to that observed for the Cape porcupine and several other rodent species. The Cape porcupine is distantly related to the laboratory rat, but still a member of the order Rodentia; thus, changes in the organization of these systems appears to demonstrate a form of constraint related to the phylogenetic level of the order. Author Affiliation: (a) School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa (b) Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Retzius vag 8, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden Article History: Received 28 January 2008; Revised 28 March 2008; Accepted 28 March 2008