학술논문
New developments in Cu(In,Ga)(S, Se).sub.2 thin film modules formed by rapid thermal processing of stacked elemental layers
Document Type
Academic Journal
Author
Source
Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. Nov 23, 2006, Vol. 90 Issue 18-19, p3115, 9 p.
Subject
Language
English
ISSN
0927-0248
Abstract
To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2006.06.031 Byline: V. Probst, J. Palm, S. Visbeck, T. Niesen, R. Tolle, A. Lerchenberger, M. Wendl, H. Vogt, H. Calwer, W. Stetter, F. Karg Abstract: A second-generation process for high-efficiency large-area Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S).sub.2 thin film (CIGSSe) solar modules has been developed applying controlled sodium doping and rapid thermal processing for absorber formation. The pilot line delivers aperture area efficiencies of 12.2%[+ or -]0.5% (average) for 30x30cm.sup.2 modules and a certified champion efficiency of 13.1% for an unencapsulated 60x90cm.sup.2 demonstrator module. The stability of the frameless pilot line modules with a low-cost package against humidity is confirmed externally by passing the damp heat test sequence according to IEC 61646. Substitution of CBD-CdS by CBD-Zn(S, OH) buffer layers yields efficiencies up to 12% on 30x30cm.sup.2 circuits. First CIGSSe-cells on flexible substrates were also developed applying 30[mu]m thin titanium foils, 8x8cm.sup.2 in size. Average cell efficiencies on a substrate up to 12.4% were achieved. Author Affiliation: Shell Solar GmbH, Otto-Hahn-Ring 6, 81739 Munich, Germany Article History: Received 24 May 2005; Accepted 20 January 2006