학술논문
Paternally expressed retrotransposon Gag-like 1 gene, RTL1, is one of the crucial elements for placental angiogenesis in horses
Research Article
Research Article
Document Type
Academic Journal
Author
Source
Biology of Reproduction. June 2021, Vol. 104 Issue 6, p1386, 14 p.
Subject
Language
English
ISSN
0006-3363
Abstract
Introduction The placenta is the feto-maternal interface, which is essential for fetal growth and survival in eutherian mammals. It plays a central role in the health of both fetus and [...]
RTL1 (retrotransposon Gag-like 1) is an essential gene in the development of the human and murine placenta. Several fetal and placental abnormalities such as intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and hydrops conditions have been associated with altered expression of this gene. However, the function of RTL1 has not been identified. RTL1 is located on a highly conserved region in eutherian mammals. Therefore, the genetic and molecular analysis in horses could hold important implications for other species, including humans. Here, we demonstrated that RTL1 is paternally expressed and is localized within the endothelial cells of the equine (Equus caballus) chorioallantois. We developed an equine placental microvasculature primary cell culture and demonstrated that RTL1 knockdown leads to loss of the sprouting ability of these endothelial cells. We further demonstrated an association between abnormal expression of RTL1 and development of hydrallantois. Our data suggest that RTL1 may be essential for placental angiogenesis, and its abnormal expression can lead to placental insufficiency. This placental insufficiency could be the reason for IUGR and hydrops conditions reported in other species, including humans. Summary sentence Vessel formation is essential for the placenta. We showed that the paternally expressed gene, RTL1 is one of the crucial genes for this process and its altered expression is associated with hydrops conditions. Keywords: RTL1, placenta, angiogenesis, paternally expressed gene, hydrops, IUGR, chorioallantois.
RTL1 (retrotransposon Gag-like 1) is an essential gene in the development of the human and murine placenta. Several fetal and placental abnormalities such as intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and hydrops conditions have been associated with altered expression of this gene. However, the function of RTL1 has not been identified. RTL1 is located on a highly conserved region in eutherian mammals. Therefore, the genetic and molecular analysis in horses could hold important implications for other species, including humans. Here, we demonstrated that RTL1 is paternally expressed and is localized within the endothelial cells of the equine (Equus caballus) chorioallantois. We developed an equine placental microvasculature primary cell culture and demonstrated that RTL1 knockdown leads to loss of the sprouting ability of these endothelial cells. We further demonstrated an association between abnormal expression of RTL1 and development of hydrallantois. Our data suggest that RTL1 may be essential for placental angiogenesis, and its abnormal expression can lead to placental insufficiency. This placental insufficiency could be the reason for IUGR and hydrops conditions reported in other species, including humans. Summary sentence Vessel formation is essential for the placenta. We showed that the paternally expressed gene, RTL1 is one of the crucial genes for this process and its altered expression is associated with hydrops conditions. Keywords: RTL1, placenta, angiogenesis, paternally expressed gene, hydrops, IUGR, chorioallantois.