부산대학교 도서관

OBJECTIVE: Regular HIV testing and early detection leads to timely treatment. Appropriate treatment and care can prevent disease progression in the individual and prevent onwards transmission within the community. This review describes HIV testing coverage in populations disproportionately affected by HIV and in the general population in Canada. METHODS: A search of published and grey literature on HIV testing uptake in Canada was conducted. Studies reporting quantitative data on testing practices (ever tested, recent testing, and regular testing), published in either English or French from 2008-2012, were included. Studies that involved testing for immigration or prenatal purposes, and post-intervention studies, were excluded. Included studies were assessed using a modified version of the Public Health Agency of Canada's Descriptive Study Critical Appraisal Tool. Pooled prevalence for percent ever tested was calculated for subpopulations and heterogeneity was estimated using the [I.sup.2] statistic. SYNTHESIS: A total of 26 studies were included in the review. The highest rates of ever having been tested were among people who inject drugs (90.6%) and inmates (90.4%); followed by men who have sex with men (83.0%); Aboriginal peoples (55.5%); and the general population (32.8%). Limited information was available on regular and recent testing. CONCLUSION: HIV testing can reduce the number of undiagnosed cases in Canada. Future research should focus on testing coverage in certain populations, and on the extent to which populations engage in regular testing. KEY WORDS: HIV; Canada; testing; prevention OBJECTIF: Des tests reguliers de depistage et une detection precoce du VIH entrainent un traitement en temps opportun. Des traitements et des soins appropries peuvent eviter la progression de la maladie chez un individu et prevenir la retransmission du virus au sein d'une collectivite. Le present examen decrit la couverture de depistage du VIH au sein des populations disproportionnellement touchees par le VIH et au sein de la population generale du Canada. METHODES: Une recherche a ete menee a l'echelle de la litterature grise et des documents publies sur la prise de tests de depistage du VIH au Canada. Des etudes signalant des donnees quantitatives sur des pratiques de depistage (sujets ayant deja passe un test, sujets testes recemment et sujets procedant a des tests reguliers), publiees en anglais ou en francais de 2008 a 2012, ont ete incluses dans la recherche. Les etudes portant sur le depistage prenatal ou aupres des immigrants et les etudes menees apres les interventions, elles, ont ete exclues. Les etudes incluses ont ete evaluees a l'aide d'une version modifiee de l'outil d'evaluation critique pour les etudes descriptives de l'Agence de la sante publique du Canada. La prevalence groupee pour le pourcentage de gens ayant deja passe un test de depistage a ete calculee pour les souspopulations, et l'heterogeneite a ete estimee a l'aide de la statistique [I.sup.2]. SYNTHESE: Au total, 26 etudes ont ete incluses dans l'examen. Les utilisateurs de drogues injectables (90,6 %) et les detenus (90,4 %) avaient les taux les plus eleves de tests de depistage. Ces groupes etaient suivis des hommes ayant des relations sexuelles avec d'autres hommes (83 %), des Autochtones (55,5 %) et de la population generale (32,8 %). Les renseignements accessibles sur les tests reguliers et les tests recents etaient limites. CONCLUSION: Les tests de depistage du VIH peuvent reduire le nombre de cas non diagnostiques au Canada. Les prochaines recherches devraient insister sur la couverture du depistage au sein de certaines populations et sur la mesure dans laquelle les populations procedent a des tests reguliers. MOTS CLES: VIH; Canada; depistage; prevention
In Canada, an estimated 71,300 people were living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) at the end of 2011. Approximately 25% (14,500-21,500) of prevalent cases were unaware of their HIV infection. [...]