학술논문
Impaired T helper cell responses in human immunodeficiency virus‐exposed uninfected newborns
Document Type
Report
Author
Brito‐Pérez, Yesenia; Camacho‐Pacheco, Rodrigo T.; Plazola‐Camacho, Noemi; Soriano‐Becerril, Diana; Coronado‐Zarco, Irma A.; Arreola‐Ramírez, Gabriela; González‐Pérez, Gabriela; Herrera‐Salazar, Alma; Flores‐González, Julio; Bermejo‐Haro, Mextli Y.; Casorla‐Cervantes, Brenda G.; Soto‐López, Ismael A.; Hernández‐Pineda, Jessica; Sandoval‐Montes, Claudia; Rodríguez‐Martínez, Sandra; Figueroa‐Damian, Ricardo; Mancilla‐Herrera, Ismael
Source
Immunity, Inflammation and Disease. December 2021, Vol. 9 Issue 4, p1541, 13 p.
Subject
Language
English
Abstract
INTRODUCTION One of the most concerning issues about human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the possibility of vertical transmission. Currently, the implementation of perinatal care, antiretroviral therapy, and cesarean delivery as [...]
: Introduction: HIV‐exposed uninfected (HEU) newborns suffer from higher risks of opportunistic infections during the first months of life compared to HIV‐unexposed uninfected (HUU) newborns. Alterations in thymic mass, amounts of T helper (Th) cells, T‐cell receptor diversity, and activation markers have been found in HEU newborns, suggesting alterations in T cell ontogeny and differentiation. However, little is known about the ability of these cells to produce specialized Th responses from CD4[sup.+] T cells. Method: To characterize the Th cell profile, we evaluated the frequency of Th[sub.1] (CD183[sup.+]CD194[sup.−]CD196[sup.−]/CXCR3[sup.+]CCR4[sup.−]CCR6[sup.−]), Th[sub.2] (CD183[sup.−]CD194[sup.+]CD196[sup.−]/CXCR3[sup.−]CCR4[sup.+]CCR6[sup.−]), Th[sub.17] (CD183[sup.−]CD194[sup.+]CD196[sup.+]/CXCR3[sup.−]CCR4[sup.+]CCR6[sup.+]), and CD4[sup.+]CD25[sup.++] blood T‐cell phenotypes in 50 HEU and 25 HUU newborns. Early activation markers on CD4[sup.+] T cells and the Th cytokine profile produced from mononuclear cells under polyclonal T cell stimulation were also studied. Additionally, we probed the ability of CD4[sup.+] T cells to differentiate into interferon (IFN)‐γ‐producing Th[sub.1] CD4[sup.+] T cells in vitro. Results: Lower percentages of differentiated Th[sub.1], Th[sub.2], Th[sub.17,] and CD4[sup.+]CD25[sup.++] T cells were found in blood from HEU newborns than in blood from HUU newborns. However, polyclonally stimulated Th cells showed a similar ability to express CD69 and CD279 but produced less secreted interleukin (IL)‐2 and IL‐4. Interestingly, under Th[sub.1] differentiation conditions, the percentages of CD4[sup.+]IFN‐γ[sup.+] T cells and soluble IFN‐γ were higher in HEU newborns than in HUU newborns. Conclusion: HEU neonates are born with reduced proportions of differentiated Th[sub.1]/Th[sub.2]/Th[sub.17] and CD4[sup.+]CD25[sup.++] T cells, but the intrinsic abilities of CD4[sup.+] T cells to acquire a Th[sub.1] profile are not affected by the adverse maternal milieu during development.
: Introduction: HIV‐exposed uninfected (HEU) newborns suffer from higher risks of opportunistic infections during the first months of life compared to HIV‐unexposed uninfected (HUU) newborns. Alterations in thymic mass, amounts of T helper (Th) cells, T‐cell receptor diversity, and activation markers have been found in HEU newborns, suggesting alterations in T cell ontogeny and differentiation. However, little is known about the ability of these cells to produce specialized Th responses from CD4[sup.+] T cells. Method: To characterize the Th cell profile, we evaluated the frequency of Th[sub.1] (CD183[sup.+]CD194[sup.−]CD196[sup.−]/CXCR3[sup.+]CCR4[sup.−]CCR6[sup.−]), Th[sub.2] (CD183[sup.−]CD194[sup.+]CD196[sup.−]/CXCR3[sup.−]CCR4[sup.+]CCR6[sup.−]), Th[sub.17] (CD183[sup.−]CD194[sup.+]CD196[sup.+]/CXCR3[sup.−]CCR4[sup.+]CCR6[sup.+]), and CD4[sup.+]CD25[sup.++] blood T‐cell phenotypes in 50 HEU and 25 HUU newborns. Early activation markers on CD4[sup.+] T cells and the Th cytokine profile produced from mononuclear cells under polyclonal T cell stimulation were also studied. Additionally, we probed the ability of CD4[sup.+] T cells to differentiate into interferon (IFN)‐γ‐producing Th[sub.1] CD4[sup.+] T cells in vitro. Results: Lower percentages of differentiated Th[sub.1], Th[sub.2], Th[sub.17,] and CD4[sup.+]CD25[sup.++] T cells were found in blood from HEU newborns than in blood from HUU newborns. However, polyclonally stimulated Th cells showed a similar ability to express CD69 and CD279 but produced less secreted interleukin (IL)‐2 and IL‐4. Interestingly, under Th[sub.1] differentiation conditions, the percentages of CD4[sup.+]IFN‐γ[sup.+] T cells and soluble IFN‐γ were higher in HEU newborns than in HUU newborns. Conclusion: HEU neonates are born with reduced proportions of differentiated Th[sub.1]/Th[sub.2]/Th[sub.17] and CD4[sup.+]CD25[sup.++] T cells, but the intrinsic abilities of CD4[sup.+] T cells to acquire a Th[sub.1] profile are not affected by the adverse maternal milieu during development.