부산대학교 도서관

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2007.01.002 Byline: Margot Lundborg (a), Rabea Bouhafs (b), Per Gerde (a), Par Ewing (a), Per Camner (a), Sven-Erik Dahlen (a), Connie Jarstrand (b) Keywords: Alveolar macrophages; Bacterial-killing; Lipid peroxidation; Particles; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Transition metals Abbreviations: AM, alveolar macrophages; ATCC, American Type Culture Collection; CFU, colony forming units; HNE, hydroxyalkenales; LPO, lipid peroxidation; ROS, reactive oxygen species; TSB trypticase soy broth medium Abstract: We hypothesized that aggregates of ultrafine carbon and washed diesel particles impair the ability of alveolar macrophages (AM) to kill bacteria and enhance the AM lipid peroxidation (LPO) of lung surfactant. Rat AM were exposed, 5h, to particles 20[mu]g/ml. The AM, containing carbon or washed diesel particles, were incubated 2h, with Streptococcus pneumoniae, an American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) strain or clinical isolates. Surviving bacteria were quantified. Surfactant was incubated, 5h, with carbon or washed diesel loaded AM and LPO was measured. The particle load was approximately 1[mu]g/10.sup.6 AM, representing accepted exposure to ambient particles in Europe. Metal concentrations were 10 to 100 fold higher in washed diesel -- than in carbon particles. There was a dose dependent increase in bacterial survival with carbon-loaded macrophages, but not with washed diesel-loaded AM. Clinical isolates had a higher survival rate with carbon-loaded macrophages than the ATCC strain. Surfactant LPO was increased with washed diesel-loaded macrophages (95%) and with carbon-loaded macrophages (55%) compared to controls. High LPO caused by washed diesel-loaded AM reflects their increased oxidative metabolism, probably caused by particle metals. The additional oxygen metabolites maintained bactericidal activity of AM, while corresponding activity was decreased in carbon-loaded AM. Altered functions of AM may explain health problems related to air pollution. Author Affiliation: (a) Division of Physiology, The National Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (b) Division of Clinical Bacteriology, Department of Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Article History: Received 4 July 2006; Revised 19 December 2006; Accepted 4 January 2007