학술논문
Studying temporal titre evolution of commercial SARS-CoV-2 assays reveals significant shortcomings of using BAU standardization for comparison
Document Type
Academic Journal
Author
Kroidl, Inge; Winter, Simon; Rubio-Acero, Raquel; Bakuli, Abhishek; Geldmacher, Christof; Eser, Tabea M.; Déak, Flora; Horn, Sacha; Zielke, Anna; Ahmed, Mohamed I. M.; Diepers, Paulina; Guggenbühl, Jessica; Frese, Jonathan; Bruger, Jan; Puchinger, Kerstin; Reich, Jakob; Falk, Philine; Markgraf, Alisa; Fensterseifer, Heike; Paunovic, Ivana; Thomschke, Angelika; Pritsch, Michael; Riess, Friedrich; Saathoff, Elmar; Hoelscher, Michael; Olbrich, Laura; Castelletti, Noemi; Wieser, Andreas; Alamoudi, Emad; Anderson, Jared; Baldassarre, Valeria; Baumann, Maximilian; Becker, Marc; Bednarski, Franziska; Behlen, Marieke; Bemirayev, Olimbek; Beyerl, Jessica; Bitzer, Patrick; Böhnlein, Rebecca; Brand, Isabel; Brauer, Anna; Britz, Vera; Bünz, Franziska; Caroli, Friedrich; Coleman, Josephine; Contento, Lorenzo; Czwienzek, Alina; Deák, Flora; Diefenbach, Maximilian N; Diekmannshemke, Jana; Do, Anna; Dobler, Gerhard; Durner, Jürgen; Eser, Tabea; Eberle, Ute; Eckstein, Judith; Feyereisen, Manuela; Fingerle, Volker; Fischer, Stefanie; Forster, Felix; Fröschl, Günter; Fuchs, Christiane; Geisenberger, Otto; Garí, Mercè; Gasser, Marius; Gauder, Sonja; Geier, Raffaela; Gillig, Kristina; Gezgin, Keisha; Gilberg, Leonard; Girl, Philipp; Golschan, Elias; Grauvogl, Vitus; Noller, Jessica Michelle Guggenbuehl; Guglielmini, Elena Maria; Gutierrez, Pablo; Haderer, Anslem; Halfmann, Celina; Hannes, Marlene; Hartinger, Lena; Haselwarter, Timm; Hasenauer, Jan; Hernandez, Alejandra; Heller, Luca; Heiber, Arlett; Herrmann, Matthias; Hillari, Leah; Hillmann, Stefan; Hinske, Christian; Hoefflin, Janna; Hofberger, Tim; Höfinger, Michael; Hofmann, Larissa; Huber, Kristina; Janke, Christian; Karger, Lilian; Kappl, Ursula; Kessler, Antonia; Khan, Zohaib; Kiani, Charlotte; Klugherz, Isabel; Kreider, Norah; Kresin, Johanna; Kroidl, Arne; Kunder, Pratik; Lang, Magdalena; Lang, Clemens; Lange, Silvan; Lapteva, Ekaterina; Laxy, Michael; Le Gleut, Ronan; Leidl, Reiner; Liedl, Leopold; Lindner, Felix; Lucaj, Xhovana; Lucke, Elisabeth; Luppa, Fabian; Nafziger, Alexandra Sophie; Maczka, Alexander; Mang, Petra; Matcau, Paula; Mayrhofer, Rebecca; Mekota, Anna-Maria; Metaxa, Dafni; Mohr, Emily; Müller, Hannah; Müller, Katharina; Nascimento, Nathalia; Niermeyer, Kasimir; Nikolaides, Sophia; Noreéa, Ivan; Pattard, Leonie; Plank, Michael; Pleimelding, Claire; Pletschette, Michel; Poll, Viona; Prückner, Stephan; Pusl, Konstantin; Pütz, Peter; Radon, Katja; Raimúndez, Elba; Raschka, Julius; Reinkemeyer, Christina; Rothe, Camilla; Ruci, Viktoria; Schäfer, Nicole; Schälte, Yannik; Schandelmaier, Paul; Schluse, Benedikt; Schneider, Annika; Schneider, Lara; Schultz, Sophie; Schunk, Mirjam; Schwettmann, Lars; Sedlmeier, Josefin; Sintu-Sempta, Linda; Soler, Alba; Sothmann, Peter; Strobl, Katharina; Strüber, Aida; Strüber, Laura; Tang, Jeni; Theis, Fabian; Thiel, Verena; Thumser, Eva; Thur, Niklas; Thiesbrummel, Sophie; Ullrich, Julian; Vollmayr, Vincent; Von Lovenberg, Emilia; Von Lovenberg, Jonathan; Vos, Carsten; Waibel, Julia; Wallrauch, Claudia; Weigl, Nikolas; Wölfl, Roman; Wolff, Julia; Wullinger, Pia; Würfel, Tobias; Wustrow, Patrick; Zange, Sabine; Zeggini, Eleftheria; Zimmer, Thorbjörn; Zimmermann, Thomas; Zuche, Lea
Source
Virology Journal. September 1, 2023, Vol. 20 Issue 1
Subject
Language
English
ISSN
1743-422X
Abstract
Author(s): Inge Kroidl[sup.1,2], Simon Winter[sup.1], Raquel Rubio-Acero[sup.1,3], Abhishek Bakuli[sup.1], Christof Geldmacher[sup.1,2], Tabea M. Eser[sup.1,2], Flora Déak[sup.1], Sacha Horn[sup.1], Anna Zielke[sup.1], Mohamed I. M. Ahmed[sup.1,2], Paulina Diepers[sup.1], Jessica Guggenbühl[sup.1], Jonathan Frese[sup.1], [...]
Background Measuring specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies has become one of the main epidemiological tools to survey the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, but also vaccination response. The WHO made available a set of well-characterized samples derived from recovered individuals to allow normalization between different quantitative anti-Spike assays to defined Binding Antibody Units (BAU). Methods To assess sero-responses longitudinally, a cohort of ninety-nine SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR positive subjects was followed up together with forty-five vaccinees without previous infection but with two vaccinations. Sero-responses were evaluated using a total of six different assays: four measuring anti-Spike proteins (converted to BAU), one measuring anti-Nucleocapsid proteins and one SARS-CoV-2 surrogate virus neutralization. Both cohorts were evaluated using the Euroimmun Anti-SARS-CoV-2-ELISA anti-S1 IgG and the Roche Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 anti-S1 assay. Results In SARS-CoV-2-convalesce subjects, the BAU-sero-responses of Euroimmun Anti-SARS-CoV-2-ELISA anti-S1 IgG and Roche Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 anti-S1 peaked both at 47 (43-51) days, the first assay followed by a slow decay thereafter (> 208 days), while the second assay not presenting any decay within one year. Both assay values in BAUs are only equivalent a few months after infection, elsewhere correction factors up to 10 are necessary. In contrast, in infection-naive vaccinees the assays perform similarly. Conclusion The results of our study suggest that the establishment of a protective correlate or vaccination booster recommendation based on different assays, although BAU-standardised, is still challenging. At the moment the characteristics of the available assays used are not related, and the BAU-standardisation is unable to correct for that. Keywords: Antibody, COVID-19, Nucleocapsid, RBD, SARS-CoV-2, Serology, Spike, Binding antibody units
Background Measuring specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies has become one of the main epidemiological tools to survey the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, but also vaccination response. The WHO made available a set of well-characterized samples derived from recovered individuals to allow normalization between different quantitative anti-Spike assays to defined Binding Antibody Units (BAU). Methods To assess sero-responses longitudinally, a cohort of ninety-nine SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR positive subjects was followed up together with forty-five vaccinees without previous infection but with two vaccinations. Sero-responses were evaluated using a total of six different assays: four measuring anti-Spike proteins (converted to BAU), one measuring anti-Nucleocapsid proteins and one SARS-CoV-2 surrogate virus neutralization. Both cohorts were evaluated using the Euroimmun Anti-SARS-CoV-2-ELISA anti-S1 IgG and the Roche Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 anti-S1 assay. Results In SARS-CoV-2-convalesce subjects, the BAU-sero-responses of Euroimmun Anti-SARS-CoV-2-ELISA anti-S1 IgG and Roche Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 anti-S1 peaked both at 47 (43-51) days, the first assay followed by a slow decay thereafter (> 208 days), while the second assay not presenting any decay within one year. Both assay values in BAUs are only equivalent a few months after infection, elsewhere correction factors up to 10 are necessary. In contrast, in infection-naive vaccinees the assays perform similarly. Conclusion The results of our study suggest that the establishment of a protective correlate or vaccination booster recommendation based on different assays, although BAU-standardised, is still challenging. At the moment the characteristics of the available assays used are not related, and the BAU-standardisation is unable to correct for that. Keywords: Antibody, COVID-19, Nucleocapsid, RBD, SARS-CoV-2, Serology, Spike, Binding antibody units