부산대학교 도서관

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2008.06.023 Byline: Ramanand A. Subramanian (a), Olabiyi O. Akala (a), Johnson O. Adejinmi (b), David A. O'Brochta (a) Keywords: Topi; Transposable elements; Tc1, mariner; Anopheles gambiae; Malaria Abbreviations: ANOVA, analysis of variance; ATP, adenosine triphosphate; bp, basepair; C, centigrade; dATP, 2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate; dCTP, 2'-deoxycytosine 5'-triphosphate; dGTP, 2'-deoxyguanisine 5'-triphosphate; DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid; dNTP, 2'-deoxynucleotide 5'-triphosphate; dTTP, 2'-deoxythymidine 5'-triphosphate; EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; HSD, honestly significant difference; kb, kilobasepairs; LRT, likelihood ratio test; MgCl.sub.2, magnesium chloride; min, minutes; ML, maximum likelihood; mM, millimolar; ORF, open reading frame; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; pmol, picomoles; s, second; TBE, Tris-borate EDTA; TE, transposable element; A[micro]g, microgram; A[micro]l, microliter. Abstract: IS630/Tc1/mariner elements are diverse and widespread within insects. The African malaria mosquito, Anopheles gambiae, contains over 30 families of IS630/Tc1/mariner elements although few have been studied in any detail. To examine the history of Topi elements in An. gambiae populations, Topi elements (n =73) were sampled from five distinct populations of An. gambiae from eastern and western Africa and evaluated with respect to copy number, nucleotide diversity and insertion site-occupancy frequency. Topi 1 and 2 elements were abundant (10-34 per diploid genome) and highly diverse (I =0.051). Elements from mosquitoes collected in Nigeria were Topi 2 elements and those from mosquitoes collected in Mozambique were Topi 1 elements. Of the 49 Topi transposase open reading frames sequenced none were found to be identical. Intact elements with complete transposase open reading frames were common, although based on insertion site-occupancy frequency data it appeared that genetic drift was the major force acting on these IS630/Tc1/mariner-type elements. Topi 3 elements were not recovered from any of the populations sampled in this study and appear to be rare elements in An. gambiae, possibly due to a recent introduction. Author Affiliation: (a) Center for Biosystems Research; University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute; 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA (b) Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology; University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria Article History: Received 24 March 2008; Revised 10 June 2008; Accepted 12 June 2008 Article Note: (miscellaneous) Received by I. King Jordan