학술논문
Time-averaged concentration estimation of uraemic toxins with different removal kinetics: a novel approach based on intradialytic spent dialysate measurements
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Document Type
Academic Journal
Author
Paats, Joosep; Adoberg, Annika; Arund, Jurgen; Dhondt, Annemieke; Fernstrom, Anders; Fridolin, Ivo; Glorieux, Griet; Gonzalez-Parra, Emilio; Holmar, Jana; Leis, Liisi; Luman, Merike; Perez-Gomez, Vanessa Maria; Pilt, Kristjan; Sanchez-Ospina, Didier; Segelmark, Marten; Uhlin, Fredrik; Ortiz, Alberto
Source
Clinical Kidney Journal. April 2023, Vol. 16 Issue 4, p735, 10 p.
Subject
Language
English
ISSN
2048-8505
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adequate dialysis treatment improves survival and reduces morbidity in haemodialysis (HD) patients. Conventionally, dialysis adequacy is assessed by the clearance of the small molecular weight molecule urea and quantified [...]
Background. Kt/[V.sub.urea] is the most used marker to estimate dialysis adequacy; however, it does not reflect the removal of many other uraemic toxins, and a new approach is needed. We have assessed the feasibility of estimating intradialytic serum time-averaged concentration (TAC) of various uraemic toxins from their spent dialysate concentrations that can be estimated non-invasively online with optical methods. Methods. Serum and spent dialysate levels and total removed solute (TRS) of urea, uric acid (UA), indoxyl sulphate (IS) and [beta]2-microglobulin ([beta]2M) were evaluated with laboratory methods during 312 haemodialysis sessions in 78 patients with four different dialysis treatment settings. TAC was calculated from serum concentrations and evaluated from TRS and logarithmic mean concentrations of spent dialysate ([M.sub.ln]D). Results. Mean ([+ or -] standard deviation) intradialytic serum TAC values of urea, UA, [beta]2M and IS were 10.4 [+ or -] 3.8 mmol/L, 191.6 [+ or -] 48.1 [micro]mol/L, 13.3 [+ or -] 4.3 mg/L and 82.9 [+ or -] 43.3 [micro]mol/L, respectively. These serum TAC values were similar and highly correlated with those estimated from TRS [10.5 [+ or -] 3.6 mmol/L ([R.sup.2] = 0.92), 191.5 [+ or -] 42.8 [micro]mol/L ([R.sup.2] = 0.79), 13.0 [+ or -] 3.2 mg/L ([R.sup.2] = 0.59) and 82.7 [+ or -] 40.0 [micro]mol/L ([R.sup.2] = 0.85)] and from [M.sup.ln]D [10.7 [+ or -] 3.7 mmol/L ([R.sup.2] = 0.92), 191.6 [+ or -] 43.8 pmol/L ([R.sup.2] = 0.80), 12.9 [+ or -] 3.2 mg/L ([R.sup.2] = 0.63) and 82.2 [+ or -] 38.6 [micro]mol/L ([R.sup.2] = 0.84)], respectively. Conclusions. Intradialytic serum TAC of different uraemic toxins can be estimated non-invasively from their concentration in spent dialysate. This sets the stage for TAC estimation from online optical monitoring of spent dialysate concentrations of diverse solutes and for further optimization of estimation models for each uraemic toxin. Keywords: chronic haemodialysis, dialysis adequacy, time-averaged concentration, urea, uraemic toxin
Background. Kt/[V.sub.urea] is the most used marker to estimate dialysis adequacy; however, it does not reflect the removal of many other uraemic toxins, and a new approach is needed. We have assessed the feasibility of estimating intradialytic serum time-averaged concentration (TAC) of various uraemic toxins from their spent dialysate concentrations that can be estimated non-invasively online with optical methods. Methods. Serum and spent dialysate levels and total removed solute (TRS) of urea, uric acid (UA), indoxyl sulphate (IS) and [beta]2-microglobulin ([beta]2M) were evaluated with laboratory methods during 312 haemodialysis sessions in 78 patients with four different dialysis treatment settings. TAC was calculated from serum concentrations and evaluated from TRS and logarithmic mean concentrations of spent dialysate ([M.sub.ln]D). Results. Mean ([+ or -] standard deviation) intradialytic serum TAC values of urea, UA, [beta]2M and IS were 10.4 [+ or -] 3.8 mmol/L, 191.6 [+ or -] 48.1 [micro]mol/L, 13.3 [+ or -] 4.3 mg/L and 82.9 [+ or -] 43.3 [micro]mol/L, respectively. These serum TAC values were similar and highly correlated with those estimated from TRS [10.5 [+ or -] 3.6 mmol/L ([R.sup.2] = 0.92), 191.5 [+ or -] 42.8 [micro]mol/L ([R.sup.2] = 0.79), 13.0 [+ or -] 3.2 mg/L ([R.sup.2] = 0.59) and 82.7 [+ or -] 40.0 [micro]mol/L ([R.sup.2] = 0.85)] and from [M.sup.ln]D [10.7 [+ or -] 3.7 mmol/L ([R.sup.2] = 0.92), 191.6 [+ or -] 43.8 pmol/L ([R.sup.2] = 0.80), 12.9 [+ or -] 3.2 mg/L ([R.sup.2] = 0.63) and 82.2 [+ or -] 38.6 [micro]mol/L ([R.sup.2] = 0.84)], respectively. Conclusions. Intradialytic serum TAC of different uraemic toxins can be estimated non-invasively from their concentration in spent dialysate. This sets the stage for TAC estimation from online optical monitoring of spent dialysate concentrations of diverse solutes and for further optimization of estimation models for each uraemic toxin. Keywords: chronic haemodialysis, dialysis adequacy, time-averaged concentration, urea, uraemic toxin