학술논문
Neural fatigue due to intensive learning is reversed by a nap but not by quiet waking
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Document Type
Academic Journal
Author
Source
SLEEP. January 2021, Vol. 44 Issue 1, p1Q, 14 p.
Subject
Language
English
ISSN
0161-8105
Abstract
Introduction Can the intensive activation of neural circuits lead to neural fatigue under physiological conditions, as indexed by persistent alterations in neural activity and negative consequences on performance? If so, [...]
Do brain circuits become fatigued due to intensive neural activity or plasticity? Is sleep necessary for recovery? Well-rested subjects trained extensively in a visuo-motor rotation learning task (ROT) or a visuo-motor task without rotation learning (MOT), followed by sleep or quiet wake. High-density electroencephalography showed that ROT training led to broad increases in EEG power over a frontal cluster of electrodes, with peaks in the theta (mean [+ or -] SE: 24% [+ or -] 6%, p = 0.0013) and beta ranges (10% [+ or -] 3%, p = 0.01). These traces persisted in the spontaneous EEG (sEEG) between sessions (theta: 42% [+ or -] 8%, p = 0.0001; beta: 35% [+ or -] 7%, p = 0.002) and were accompanied by increased errors in a motor test with kinematic characteristics and neural substrates similar to ROT (81.8% [+ or -] 0.8% vs. 68.2% [+ or -] 2.3%; two-tailed paired t-test: p = 0.00001; Cohen's d = 1.58), as well as by score increases of subjective task-specific fatigue (4.00 [+ or -] 0.39 vs. 5.36 [+ or -] 0.39; p = 0.0007; Cohen's d = 0.60). Intensive practice with MOT did not affect theta sEEG or the motor test. A nap, but not quiet wake, induced a local sEEG decrease of theta power by 33% (SE: 8%, p = 0.02), renormalized test performance (70.9% [+ or -] 2.9% vs 79.1% [+ or -] 2.7%, p = 0.018, Cohen's d = 0.85), and improved learning ability in ROT (adaptation rate: 71.2 [+ or -] 1.2 vs. 73.4 [+ or -] 0.9, p = 0.024; Cohen's d = 0.60). Thus, sleep is necessary to restore plasticity-induced fatigue and performance. Key words: plasticity; training; movement; fatigue; EEG; quiet wake
Do brain circuits become fatigued due to intensive neural activity or plasticity? Is sleep necessary for recovery? Well-rested subjects trained extensively in a visuo-motor rotation learning task (ROT) or a visuo-motor task without rotation learning (MOT), followed by sleep or quiet wake. High-density electroencephalography showed that ROT training led to broad increases in EEG power over a frontal cluster of electrodes, with peaks in the theta (mean [+ or -] SE: 24% [+ or -] 6%, p = 0.0013) and beta ranges (10% [+ or -] 3%, p = 0.01). These traces persisted in the spontaneous EEG (sEEG) between sessions (theta: 42% [+ or -] 8%, p = 0.0001; beta: 35% [+ or -] 7%, p = 0.002) and were accompanied by increased errors in a motor test with kinematic characteristics and neural substrates similar to ROT (81.8% [+ or -] 0.8% vs. 68.2% [+ or -] 2.3%; two-tailed paired t-test: p = 0.00001; Cohen's d = 1.58), as well as by score increases of subjective task-specific fatigue (4.00 [+ or -] 0.39 vs. 5.36 [+ or -] 0.39; p = 0.0007; Cohen's d = 0.60). Intensive practice with MOT did not affect theta sEEG or the motor test. A nap, but not quiet wake, induced a local sEEG decrease of theta power by 33% (SE: 8%, p = 0.02), renormalized test performance (70.9% [+ or -] 2.9% vs 79.1% [+ or -] 2.7%, p = 0.018, Cohen's d = 0.85), and improved learning ability in ROT (adaptation rate: 71.2 [+ or -] 1.2 vs. 73.4 [+ or -] 0.9, p = 0.024; Cohen's d = 0.60). Thus, sleep is necessary to restore plasticity-induced fatigue and performance. Key words: plasticity; training; movement; fatigue; EEG; quiet wake