부산대학교 도서관

HIGHLIGHTS * Most Ethiopian REDD+ stakeholders at the federal level interviewed agreed that benefits should be shared according to efforts made in reducing deforestation and forest degradation. * In contrast, federal government policies and laws on benefit sharing are generally pro-poor, with emphasis on legal rights to receive benefits. * Although most stakeholders support the government's vision for a benefit-sharing mechanism, the majority of interviewees also highlighted major challenges in implementing a REDD+ benefit-sharing mechanism, including a lack of awareness and knowledge of REDD+; a lack of technical expertise in monitoring carbon emissions and sequestration; a lack of clear tenure and user rights; weak coordination amongst stakeholders; contradictions between laws and regulations; and high transaction costs. * Multiple ideas of fairness can pose practical challenges for the implementation of REDD+ benefit sharing in Ethiopia. This should be addressed, e.g., through establishment of an open and inclusive dialogue and establishing a learning mechanism to initiate and improve regulations, processes and mechanisms over time. * Although country stakeholders often tend to rush on the selection of or discussion on who should be paid, it is the legitimacy of the decisionmaking that counts. The decision needs to be based on participatory decision-making process which take into account different actors' voices, concerns and interests. SUMMARY Current Ethiopian policies and laws recognize the importance of equitable benefit-sharing mechanisms for natural resource management. The question of 'what is fair' is often unclear in practice. We pursue this question in the context of benefit sharing for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) in Ethiopia. We present findings from interviews conducted in 2017 with 33 national REDD+ actors, and a review of national policies and laws until 2020 to understand Ethiopia's policy and legal framework, and vision for a REDD+ benefit-sharing mechanism. Our findings show that Ethiopia is progressing in developing a benefit-sharing mechanism (BSM) for REDD+. Government policies on benefit sharing are pro-poor with an emphasis on legal rights. Among the various concepts of fairness, more stakeholders agreed that benefits should be shared according to efforts made to reduce deforestation and forest degradation rather than being based on poverty or legal rights. Left unattended, we believe this divergence of opinion on 'what is fair' opens the potential for questions regarding the legitimacy of the REDD+ BSM among stakeholders in general and can pose practical implementation challenges. We suggest that establishing open dialogue, learning mechanisms and inclusive processes can lead to regulations, policies and procedures that clarify and harmonize the different views on fairness over time. Keywords: REDD+, finance, safeguards, policy, Ethiopia Les lois et politiques ethiopiennes actuelles reconnaissent l'importance de mecanismes d'un partage des benefices equitable pour la gestion des ressources naturelles. La question: <> manque bien souvent de clarte en pratique. Nous poursuivons cette question dans le contexte du partage des benefices de la Reduction des emissions provenant de la deforestation et de la degradation des forets (REDD+) en Ethiopie. Nous presentons les resultats d'interviews conduites en 2017 aupres de 33 acteurs nationaux de la REDD+, et une analyse des lois et politiques nationales jusqu'a 2020, pour comprendre le cadre politique et legal de l'Ethiopie, et sa vision pour un mecanisme de partage des benefices de la REDD+. Les politiques gouvernementales de partage des benefices sont sensibles aux demunis, avec un accent sur les droits legaux. Parmi plusieurs concepts de justice, plus de parties-prenantes s'accordent sur le fait que les benefices devraient etre partages suivant les efforts faits pour reduire la deforestation et la degradation forestiere, plutot que selon la pauvrete ou les droits legaux. Si elle n'est pas suivie, nous estimons que cette divergence d'opinion sur <> debouchera sur de questions quant a la legitimite de la REDD+ BSM chez les parties-prenantes en general, et pourrait eriger des defis face a la mise en application pratique. Nous suggerons que l'etablissement d'un dialogue ouvert, un apprentissage de mecanismes et des processus inclusifs peuvent conduire a des regles, des politiques et des procedes pouvant clarifier et harmoniser les differents points de vue sur la justice au fil du temps. Las politicas y leyes actuales de Etiopia reconocen la importancia de los mecanismos de reparto equitativo de beneficios para la gestion de los recursos naturales. La cuestion de 'lo que es justo' a menudo no esta clara en la practica. Este articulo investiga esta cuestion en el contexto de la distribucion de los beneficios de la Reduccion de las Emisiones de la Deforestacion y la Degradacion de Bosques (REDD+) en Etiopia. El articulo presenta los resultados de las entrevistas realizadas en 2017 a 33 partes interesadas nacionales de REDD+ y una revision de las politicas y leyes nacionales hasta 2020, con el fin de entender el marco politico y legal de Etiopia, y la vision de un mecanismo de distribucion de los beneficios de REDD+. Los resultados muestran que Etiopia esta avanzando en el desarrollo de un mecanismo de distribucion de beneficios (MDB) para REDD+. Las politicas gubernamentales sobre la distribucion de beneficios favorecen a los pobres y hacen hincapie en los derechos legales. Entre los diversos conceptos de equidad, fueron mas las partes interesadas que coincidieron en que los beneficios deberian repartirse en funcion de los esfuerzos realizados para reducir la deforestacion y la degradacion de los bosques, en lugar de basarse en la pobreza o en los derechos legales. Si no se pone atencion a esto, se cree que esta divergencia de opiniones sobre 'lo que es justo' abre la posibilidad de que se cuestione la legitimidad en general del MDB de REDD+ entre las partes interesadas y que se puedan plantear problemas en su aplicacion practica. Se sugiere que el establecimiento de un dialogo abierto, de mecanismos de aprendizaje y de procesos inclusivos puede conducir a reglamentos, politicas y procedimientos que clarifiquen y armonicen en el futuro los diferentes puntos de vista sobre la equidad.
INTRODUCTION Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) was conceptualized as an international strategy where developed countries would compensate developing countries for conserving their forests, thereby reducing deforestation emissions. [...]