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To purchase or authenticate to the full-text of this article, please visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2007.134726 Byline: Miriam Kron (1), Michael Morschel (1), Julia Reuter (1), Weiqi Zhang (12), Mathias Dutschmann (12) Abstract: The Kolliker-Fuse nucleus (KF), part of the respiratory network, is involved in the modulation of respiratory phase durations in response to peripheral and central afferent inputs. The KF is immature at birth. Developmental changes in its physiological and anatomical properties have yet to be investigated. Since brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is of major importance for the maturation of neuronal networks, we investigated its effects on developmental changes in the KF on different postnatal days (neonatal, P1-5; intermediate, P6-13; juvenile, P14-21) by analysing single neurones in the in vitro slice preparation and network activities in the perfused brainstem preparation in situ. The BDNF had only weak effects on the frequency of mixed excitatory and inhibitory spontaneous postsynaptic currents (sPSCs) in neonatal slice preparations. Postnatally, in the intermediate and juvenile age groups, a significant augmentation of the sPSC frequency was observed in the presence of 100 p m BDNF (+23.5 [+ or -] 12.6 and +76.7 [+ or -] 28.4%, respectively). Subsequent analyses of BDNF effects on evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents (eEPSCs) revealed significant enhancement of eEPSC amplitude of +20.8 [+ or -] 7.0% only in juvenile stages (intermediates, -13.2 [+ or -] 4.8%). On the network level, significant modulation of phrenic nerve activity following BDNF microinjection into the KF was also observed only in juveniles. The data suggest that KF neurones are subject to BDNF-mediated fast synaptic modulation after completion of postnatal maturation. After maturation, BDNF contributes to modulation of fast excitatory neurotransmission in respiratory-related KF neurones. This may be important for network plasticity associated with the processing of afferent information. Author Affiliation: (1)Department of Neuro and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Gottingen, Georg-August-University, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Gottingen, Germany (2)Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Research Center for Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CMPB), Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Gottingen, Germany Article History: (Resubmitted 2 May 2007; accepted after revision 10 May 2007; first published online 14 June 2007) Article note: Corresponding author M. Dutschmann: Department of Neuro and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Gottingen, Georg-August-University, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Gottingen, Germany. Email: mdutsch@gwdg.de