학술논문
Lower Blood Oxygen Saturation is Associated With Microvascular Complications in Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes
Clinical Research Article
Clinical Research Article
Document Type
Academic Journal
Author
Source
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. January 2023, Vol. 108 Issue 1, p99, 8 p.
Subject
Language
English
ISSN
0021-972X
Abstract
The most prevalent and severe microvascular complications to diabetes are nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy, and the main cause of death is the macrovascular complication cardiovascular disease (CVD) (1, 2). Hypoxia [...]
Context: Blood oxygen saturation (Sp[O.sub.2]) is lower in type 1 diabetes (T1D) compared with nondiabetic controls. Hypoxia (low tissue oxygenation) is thought to be a risk factor for progression of diabetic complications, but it is unknown whether hypoxemia (low Sp[O.sub.2]) is associated with diabetic complications. Objective: To test if hypoxemia is associated with presence of diabetic complications in T1D. Design, Setting, and Methods: Cross-sectional study in persons with T1D divided by a previously suggested threshold in low ( Results: We included 659 persons, 23 (3.5%) with low and 636 (96.5%) with high Sp[O.sub.2]. In total, 151 (23%) had albuminuria, 233 (36%) had retinopathy, 231 (35%) had neuropathy, and 72 (11%) had CVD. The adjusted odds ratio (95% CI, P value) for low vs high Sp[O.sub.2] was 3.4 (1.3-8.7, P = 0.01) for albuminuria, 2.8 (1.0-7.5, P = 0.04) for retinopathy, 5.8 (1.8-18.6, P < 0.01) for neuropathy, and nonsignificant for CVD (0.6 [0.2-2.4, P = 0.51]). Conclusions: Sp[O.sub.2] below 96% was associated with increased presence of albuminuria, retinopathy, and neuropathy in T1D, but not with CVD. Whether hypoxemia could be a target of intervention to prevent progression in microvascular disease in type 1 diabetes should be investigated. Key Words: hypoxia, nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, albuminuria, microvascular/macrovascular complications
Context: Blood oxygen saturation (Sp[O.sub.2]) is lower in type 1 diabetes (T1D) compared with nondiabetic controls. Hypoxia (low tissue oxygenation) is thought to be a risk factor for progression of diabetic complications, but it is unknown whether hypoxemia (low Sp[O.sub.2]) is associated with diabetic complications. Objective: To test if hypoxemia is associated with presence of diabetic complications in T1D. Design, Setting, and Methods: Cross-sectional study in persons with T1D divided by a previously suggested threshold in low ( Results: We included 659 persons, 23 (3.5%) with low and 636 (96.5%) with high Sp[O.sub.2]. In total, 151 (23%) had albuminuria, 233 (36%) had retinopathy, 231 (35%) had neuropathy, and 72 (11%) had CVD. The adjusted odds ratio (95% CI, P value) for low vs high Sp[O.sub.2] was 3.4 (1.3-8.7, P = 0.01) for albuminuria, 2.8 (1.0-7.5, P = 0.04) for retinopathy, 5.8 (1.8-18.6, P < 0.01) for neuropathy, and nonsignificant for CVD (0.6 [0.2-2.4, P = 0.51]). Conclusions: Sp[O.sub.2] below 96% was associated with increased presence of albuminuria, retinopathy, and neuropathy in T1D, but not with CVD. Whether hypoxemia could be a target of intervention to prevent progression in microvascular disease in type 1 diabetes should be investigated. Key Words: hypoxia, nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, albuminuria, microvascular/macrovascular complications