학술논문
The Presence of Active Brown Adipose Tissue Determines Cold-Induced Energy Expenditure and Oxylipin Profiles in Humans
CLINICAL RESEARCH ARTICLE
CLINICAL RESEARCH ARTICLE
Document Type
Report
Author
Source
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. July 2020, Vol. 105 Issue 7, p1j, 14 p.
Subject
Language
English
ISSN
0021-972X
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a thermogenic organ that dissipates chemical energy through heat production. Promotion of BAT function counteracts adiposity in numerous animal models and holds great promise as [...]
Background: Accumulating evidence links brown adipose tissue (BAT) to increased cold-induced energy expenditure (CIEE) and regulation of lipid metabolism in humans. BAT has also been proposed as a novel source for biologically active lipid mediators including polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and oxylipins. However, little is known about cold-mediated differences in energy expenditure and various lipid species between individuals with detectable BAT positive ([BAT.sub.pos]) and those without BAT negative ([BAT.sub.neg]). Methods: Here we investigated a unique cohort of matched [BAT.sub.pos] and [BAT.sub.neg] individuals identified by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography ([18F]-FDG PET/CT). BAT function, CIEE, and circulating oxylipins, were analyzed before and after short-term cold exposure using [18F]-FDG PET/CT, indirect calorimetry, and high-resolution mass spectrometry, respectively. Results: We found that active BAT is the major determinant of CIEE since only [BAT.sub.pos] individuals experienced significantly increased energy expenditure in response to cold. A single bout of moderate cold exposure resulted in the dissipation of an additional 20 kcal excess energy in BAT but not in [BAT.sub.neg] individuals. The presence of BAT was associated with a unique systemic PUFA and oxylipin profile characterized by increased levels of anti-inflammatory omega-3 fatty acids as well as cytochrome P450 products but decreased concentrations of some proinflammatory hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids when compared with [BAT.sub.neg] individuals. Notably, cold exposure raised circulating levels of various lipids, including the recently identified BAT-derived circulating factors (BATokines) DiHOME and 12-HEPE, only in [BAT.sub.pos] individuals. Conclusions: In summary, our data emphasize that BAT in humans is a major contributor toward cold-mediated energy dissipation and a critical organ in the regulation of the systemic lipid pool. (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 105: 1-14, 2020) Key Words: brown adipose tissue, thermogenesis, cold exposure, energy expenditure, lipid metabolism, oxylipins
Background: Accumulating evidence links brown adipose tissue (BAT) to increased cold-induced energy expenditure (CIEE) and regulation of lipid metabolism in humans. BAT has also been proposed as a novel source for biologically active lipid mediators including polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and oxylipins. However, little is known about cold-mediated differences in energy expenditure and various lipid species between individuals with detectable BAT positive ([BAT.sub.pos]) and those without BAT negative ([BAT.sub.neg]). Methods: Here we investigated a unique cohort of matched [BAT.sub.pos] and [BAT.sub.neg] individuals identified by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography ([18F]-FDG PET/CT). BAT function, CIEE, and circulating oxylipins, were analyzed before and after short-term cold exposure using [18F]-FDG PET/CT, indirect calorimetry, and high-resolution mass spectrometry, respectively. Results: We found that active BAT is the major determinant of CIEE since only [BAT.sub.pos] individuals experienced significantly increased energy expenditure in response to cold. A single bout of moderate cold exposure resulted in the dissipation of an additional 20 kcal excess energy in BAT but not in [BAT.sub.neg] individuals. The presence of BAT was associated with a unique systemic PUFA and oxylipin profile characterized by increased levels of anti-inflammatory omega-3 fatty acids as well as cytochrome P450 products but decreased concentrations of some proinflammatory hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids when compared with [BAT.sub.neg] individuals. Notably, cold exposure raised circulating levels of various lipids, including the recently identified BAT-derived circulating factors (BATokines) DiHOME and 12-HEPE, only in [BAT.sub.pos] individuals. Conclusions: In summary, our data emphasize that BAT in humans is a major contributor toward cold-mediated energy dissipation and a critical organ in the regulation of the systemic lipid pool. (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 105: 1-14, 2020) Key Words: brown adipose tissue, thermogenesis, cold exposure, energy expenditure, lipid metabolism, oxylipins